Enhanced weathering (EW) is emerging as a promising carbon dioxide removal strategy that also delivers environmental co-benefits such as improved plant growth and soil quality. This review synthesizes the mechanisms of EW, the key factors controlling its efficiency, and its broader environmental implications, with a focus on its potential application in Korea. EW involves applying crushed silicate rocks or industrial by-products to soils, thereby accelerating natural weathering processes that capture atmospheric CO₂ and stabilize it as stable carbonates. The process progresses through three stages: hydration of CO₂ to carbonic acid, weathering reactions releasing basic cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺), and subsequent carbonate mineralization. Weathering rates are strongly shaped by climate, particularly temperature and precipitation, while particle size determines efficiency through surface area, with finer particles enhancing sequestration but incurring higher energy costs. Soil pH also creates trade-offs, as acidic conditions (pH 4~6) favor weathering, whereas alkaline conditions (pH 8~10) promote carbonate precipitation. Reported benefits include 7~46% increases in plant productivity and carbon sequestration rates of 0.026~10.5 t CO₂/ha/yr, along with improved soil pH, greater exchangeable Mg and Si, and enhanced phosphorus availability. Successful deployment in Korea will require region-specific approaches that account for soil properties, monsoon-driven climate patterns, and local agricultural practices.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide removal, Climate change, Enhanced weathering, Silicate mineral