Evaluation of Electrolyte and Electrode Spacing for Application of Electrokinetic Remediation
Park, Geun-Yong;Kim, Woo-Seung;Kim, Do-Hyung;Yang, Jung-Seok;Baek, Kitae;
Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology;Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology;Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology;KIST-Gangneung Institute;Department of Environmental Engineering, Chonbuk National University;
전기동력학적 정화기술 적용을 위한 최적의 전해질 선택 및 전극간의 거리 평가
박근용;김우승;김도형;양중석;백기태;
금오공과대학교 환경공학과;금오공과대학교 환경공학과;금오공과대학교 환경공학과;KIST 강릉분원;전북대학교 환경공학과;

Abstract

The influence of processing fluids and electrode spacing on the electrokinetic process was evaluated to remediate As-, Cu-, Pb-contaminated soil. Single and mixture of sodium citrate, EDTA and NaOH was used to investigate the metal extraction. EDTA for washing reagent showed the highest removal efficiency. Based on the extraction result, the electrode spacing (20, 40, 60 cm) on the electrokinetic process was investigated to remove the multi-metals from soil. The highest removal was observed at the experiment with 60 cm of electrode spacing, however, the correlation between electrode spacing and removal of metals was not clear. The electrode spacing influenced the amount of accumulated electro-osmotic flow. BCR sequential extraction showed that electrokinetic process removed the fractionation of metals bound to Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide.

Keywords: electrokinetic;electrode spacing;chelating agents;fractionation;

References

1. Acar, Y.B. and Alshawabkeh, A.N., 1993, Principles of Electrokinetic Remediation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 27, 2638-2647.
2. Acar, Y.B., Gale, R.J., Alshawabkeh, A.N., Marks, R.E., Puppala, S., Bricka, M., and Parker, R., 1995, Electrokinetic Remediation: Basics and Technology Status, J. Hazard. Mater., 40, 117-137.
3. Acar, Y.B., and Alshawabkeh, A.N., 1996, Electrokinetic remediation. I: Pilot-scale tests with lead-spiked kaolinite, J. Geotech. Eng. ASCE, 122, 173-185.
4. Alshawabkeh, A.N., Yeung, A.T., and Bricka, M.R., 1999, Practical aspects of in-situ electrokinetic extraction, J. Eviron. Eng., 125, 27-35.
5. Bacon, J.R. and Davidson, C.M., 2008, Is there a future for sequential chemical extraction?, Analyst, 133, 25-46.
6. Baek, K., Kim, D.-H., Seo, C.-I., Yang, J.-S., and Lee, J.-Y., 2007, Remediation of Pb-Contaminated Soil by Soil Washing using Hdrochloric Acid, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 12(3), 17- 22.
7. Baek, K., Kim, D.H., Park, S.W., Ryu, B.G., Batjargal, T., and Yang, J.S., 2009, Electrolyte-conditioning-enhanced electrokinetic remediation of arsenic-contaminated mine tailing, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 457-462.
8. Cho, J.-M., Ryu, B.-G., Park, S.-W., Kim, K.J., and Baek, K., 2009, Electrokinetic Remediation of Soil Contaminated with Zn, Ni and F, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 14(1), 36-43.
9. Cho, J.-M., Jo, S.-U., Kim, D.-H., Yang, J.-S., and Baek, K., 2011, Electrokinetic Restoration of Saline Soil Accumulated with Nitrate and Sulfate, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 16(5), 18- 23.
10. Dermont, G., Bergeron, M., Mercier, G., and Richer-Lafleche, M., 2008, Soil washing for metal removal: A review of physical/ chemical technologies and field applications, J. Hazard. Mater., 152, 1-31.
11. Gleyzes, C., Tellier, S., Sabrier, R., and Astruc. M., 2001, Arsenic characterisation in industrial soils by chemical extractions. Environ. Technol., 22, 27-38.
12. Jeon, C.S., Baek, K., Park, J.K., Oh, Y.K., and Lee, S.D., 2009, Adsorption characteristics of As(V) on iron-coated zeolite, J. Hazard. Mater., 163, 804-808.
13. Kim, D.H., Ryu, B.G., Park, S.W., Seo, C.I., and Baek, K., 2009a, Electrokinetic remediation of Zn and Ni-contaminated soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 165, 501-505.
14. Kim, D.H., Jeon, C.S., Ko, S.H., and Yang, J.S., 2009b, Electrokinetic remediation of fluorine-contaminated soil: Conditioning of anolyte, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 565-569.
15. Kim, G.N., Lee, S.S., Shon, D.B., Lee, K.W., and Chung, U.S., 2010, Development of pilot-scale electrokinetic remediation technology to remove Co-60 and Cs-137 from soil, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 986-991.
16. Kim, B.K., Baek, K., Ko, S.H., and Yang, J.W., 2011a, Research and field experiences on electrokinetic remediation in South Korea, Sep. Purif. Technol., 79, 116-123.
17. Kim, K.J., Kim, D.H., Yoo, J.C., and Baek, K., 2011b, Electrokinetic extraction of heavy metals from dredged marine sediment, Sep. Purif. Technol., 79, 164-169.
18. Kim, S.O., Kim, W.S., and Kim, K.W., 2005, Evaluation of electrokinetic remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils, Environ. Geochem., 27, 443-453.
19. Kim, W.S., Park, G.Y., Kim, D.H., Jung, H.B., Ko, S.H., and Baek, K., 2012, In situ field scale electrokinetic remediation of multi-metals contaminated paddy soil: Influence of electrode configuration, Electrochim. Acta, 86, 89-95.
20. Lee, K.Y., Yoon, I.H., Lee, B.T., Kim, S.O., and Kim, K.W., 2009, A Novel Combination of Anaerobic Bioleaching and Electrokinetics for Arsenic Removal from Mine Tailing Soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 9354-9360.
21. Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A., Fiedler, H.D., Rubio, R., Rauret, G., Muntau, H., and Quevauviller, P., 1998, CRM 601, A stable material for its extractable content of heavy metals. Analyst, 123, 1675-1677.
22. Moutsatsou, A., Gregou, M., Matsas, D., and Protonotarios, V., 2006, Washing as a remediation technology applicable in soils heavily polluted by mining-metallurgical activities, Chemosphere, 63, 1632-1640.
23. Park, S.-W., Cho, J.-M., Ryu, B.-G., Kim, K.-J., Baek, K., and Yang, J.-S., 2008, Feasibility Study on Acid-enhanced Electrokintic Remediation of Zn and Ni-contaminated Soil, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 13(6), 17-22.
24. Park, S.-W., Lee, J.-Y., Kwon, T.-S, Kim, K.-J., Chung, K.-Y., and Baek, K., 2009a, Feasibility Study on the Remediation of Zn-contaminated Railroad Soil using Various Washing Agents, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 14(1), 78-82.
25. Park, S.W., Lee, J.Y., Yang, J.S., Kim, K.J., and Baek, K., 2009b, Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil with waste-lubricant oils and zinc, J. Hazard. Mater, 169, 1168-1172.
26. Park, G.-Y., Kim, D.-H., and Baek, K., 2010, Evaluation of Processing Fluids on Electrokinetic remediation of Cu, Pb, As-contaminated soil, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 15(5), 1-7.
27. Rauret, G., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., Sahuquillo, A., Rubio, R., Davidson, C., Ure, A., and Quevauviller, P., 1999, Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials. J. Environ. Monit. 1, 57-61.
28. Ryu, B.G., Park, S.W., Baek, K., and Yang, J.S., 2009, Pulsed Electrokinetic Decontamination of Agricultural Lands around Abandoned Mines Contaminated with Heavy Metals, Sep. Sci. Technol., 44, 2421-2436.
29. Ryu, B.G., Yang, J.S., Kim, D.H., and Baek, K., 2010, Pulsed electrokinetic removal of Cd and Zn from fine-grained soil, J. Appl. Electrochem., 40, 1039-1047.
30. Ryu, B.G., Park, G.Y., Yang, J.W., and Baek, K., 2011, Electrolyte conditioning for electrokinetic remediation of As, Cu, and Pb-contaminated soil, Sep. Purif. Technol., 79, 170-176.
31. Shin, H.-M., 2009, Removal of Cr, Pb and Cd from Reservoir Sediment by Electrokinetic Technique, J. Soil & Groudwater Env., 14(1), 68-77.
32. Yang, J.S., Lee, J.Y., Baek, K., Kwon, T.S., and Choi, J., 2009, Extraction behavior of As, Pb, and Zn from mine tailings with acid and base solutions, J. Hazard. Mater., 171, 443-451.
33. Zhang, W.H., Huang, H., Tan, F.F., Wang, H., and Qiu, R.L., 2010, Influence of EDTA washing on the species and mobility of heavy metals residual in soils, J. Hazard. Mater., 173, 369-376.

This Article

2013; 18(1): 6-15

Published on Feb 28, 2013
10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.1.006
Received on Apr 25, 2012
Revised on Nov 2, 2012
Accepted on Nov 2, 2012

This Article

Services

Shared