• Evaluation of Surfactant Addition for Soil Remediation by Modeling Study : II. Bioremediation Process
  • 계면활성제를 적용한 오염토양 복원을 위한 모델링 연구 : 생물 복원 공정
  • 우승한;박종문;
  • 포항공과대학교 화학공학과/환경공학부;포항공과대학교 화학공학과/환경공학부;
Abstract
A kinetic model for evaluating effects of surfactant on the biodegradation of HOC(hazardous organic chemicals) in soil-slurry systems was developed. The model includes the partition of HOC and surfactant, the dissolved-, micellar-, and sorbed-phase biodegradation, the enhanced solubilization of HOC by surfactant addition, and the mass transfer of HOC. Phenanthrene as HOC and Trition X-100, Tergitol NP-10, Igepal CA-720, and Brij 30 were used in the model simulations. The biodegradation rate was increased even with a small micellera-phase bioavailability. The biodegradation was not greatly enhanced due to decreased aqueous HOC concentration by increasing surfactant dose in both cases with and without micellar-phase bioavailability. The effect of sorbed-phase biodegradation on total biodegradation rate was not highly important compared to aqueous- and micellar-phase biodegradation. The model can be applied for surfactant screening and optimal design of surfactant-based soil bioremediation process.

토양 슬러리 시스템에서 유해물질의 미생물 분해시 계면활성제를 고려한 속도론적 모델을 개발하였다. 이 모델은 오염물질과 계면활성제의 분배, 미생물의 수용액상, 미셀상, 흡착상 분해, 계면활성제 첨가에 의한 대상물질 용해, 대상물질의 물질전달을 포함한다. 오염물질은 phenanthrene, 계면활성제는 Triton X-100, Triton NP-10, Igepal CA-720, Brij 30을 적용하였다. 미셀상 분해가 존재할 경우 매우 낮은 미셀상 이용도에서도 전체 분해속도를 크게 향상시킬 수 있었다. 미셀상 이용성이 존재하는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 모두 계면활성제 농도가 증가할수록 수용액상 농도가 감소하여 전체 분해속도는 감소하였다. 흡착상 분해는 수용액상 분해나 미셀상 분해와 비교하여 전체 분해속도에 미치는 영향이 적었다. 본 모델은 계면활성제를 이용한 오염토양 생물복원시 계면활성제 탐색과 최적 공정 설계에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords: bioavailability;biodegradation;modeling;soil;surfactant;

Keywords: 미생물 이용도;생분해;모델링;토양;계면활성제;

References
  • 1. Cemiglia, C. E. 'Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons', Biodegradation, 3, pp. 351-368 (1992)
  •  
  • 2. Keith, L. H. and Telliard, W. A. 'Priority pollutants: I-a perspective view', Environ. Sci. Technol., 13, pp. 416-423 (1979)
  •  
  • 3. Cookson, J.T. Jr., Bioremediation Engineering: Design and Application, McGraw-Hill New York (1995)
  •  
  • 4. Carmichael, L. M. and Pfaender, F. K-. 'The effect of inorganic and organic supplements on the microbial-degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene in soils', Biodegradation, 8, pp. 1-13 (1997)
  •  
  • 5. West, C. C. and Harwell, J. F. 'Surfactant and subsurface remediation', Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, pp. 2324-2330 (1992)
  •  
  • 6. Volkering, F, Breure, A. M., and Rulkens, W. H. 'Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation', Biodegradation, 8, pp. 401-417 (1998)
  •  
  • 7. Ramaswami, A., Ghoshal, S., and Luthy, R. G. 'Mass transfer and bioavailability of PAH compounds in coal tar NAPL-slurry systems', Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, pp. 2268-2276 (1997)
  •  
  • 8. Bramwell, D. P. and Laha, S. 'Effects of surfactant addition on the biomineralization and microbial toxicity of phenanthrene', Biodegradation, 11, pp. 263-277 (2000)
  •  
  • 9. Guha, S. and Jaffe, P. R. 'Biodegradation kinetics of phenan threne partitioned into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactant', Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, pp. 605-611 (1996)
  •  
  • 10. Guha, S. and Jaffe, P. R. 'Bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds partitioned into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactants', Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, pp. 1382-1391 (1996)
  •  
  • 11. Chen, P., Pickard, M. A., and Gray, M. R. 'Surfactant inhibition of bacterial growth on solid anthracene', Biodegradation, 11, pp. 341-347 (2000)
  •  
  • 12. Liu, Z., Jacobson, A. M., and Luthy, R. G. 'Biodegradation of Naphthalene in Aqueous Nonionic Surfactant Systems', Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 61, pp. 145-151 (1995)
  •  
  • 13. Willumsen, P. A. and Arvin, E. 'Kinetics of degradation of surfactant-solubilized fluoranthene by a Sphingomonas paucimobilis', Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, pp. 2571-2578 (1999)
  •  
  • 14. Volkering, F., Breure, A. M., Vanandel, J. G., and Rulkens, W. H. 'Influence of nonionic surfactants on bioavailability and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons', Appl. Environ. Micmbiol., 61(5), pp. 1699-1705 (1995)
  •  
  • 15. Guha, S., Jaffe, P. R., and Peters, C. A. 'Bioavailability of mixtures of PAHs partitioned into the micellar phase ofa nonionic surfactant', Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(15), pp. 2317-2324 (1998)
  •  
  • 16. Zhang, W., Maier, W. J., and Miller, R. M. 'Effect of rhamnolipids on the dissolution, bioavailability, and biodegradation of phenanthrene'. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, pp. 2211-2217 (1997)
  •  
  • 17. Guerin, W. F. and Boyd, S. A. 'Differential bioavailability of soil-sorbed naphthalene to two bacterial species', Appt. Environ. Microbiol., 58(4), pp. 1142-1152 (1992)
  •  
  • 18. Woo, S. H., Park, J. M., and Rittmann, B. E. 'Evaluation of the interaction between biodegradation and sorption of phenan threne in soil-slurry systems', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 73, pp. 12-24 (2001)
  •  
  • 19. Stelmack, P. L., Gray, M. R., and Pickard, M. A. 'Bacterial adhesion to soil contaminants in the presence of surfactants', Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(1), pp. 163-168 (1999)
  •  
  • 20. Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M., and Imboden, D. M. Environmental Organic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, New York (1993)
  •  
  • 21. Laha, S. and Luthy, R. G. 'Effects of nonionic surfactants on the solubilization and mineralization of phenanthrene in soil water systems', Biotechnol. Bioeng., 40, pp. 1367-1380 (1992)
  •  
  • 22. Rittmann, B. E. and McCarty, P. L., Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and Applications, McGraw-Hill Inc, New York (2001)
  •  
  • 23. Woo, S. H. and Rittmann, B. E. 'Microbial energetics and stoichiometry for biodegradation of aromatic compounds involving oxygenation reactions', Biodegradation, 11, pp. 213-227 (2000)
  •  

This Article

  • 2003; 8(2): 44-54

    Published on Jun 1, 2003