All Issue

2020 Vol.25, Issue 4 Preview Page
Preparation of Simultaneous Analysis Method of PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) and Monitoring PAHs in Groundwater

지하수 중 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)의 동시분석법 마련 및 수질실태조사

Deok Hyun Kim1
,
Sunhwa Park1
,
Jong Hyun Yoon1
,
Hyojung Choi1
,
Moonsu Kim1
,
Do Hwan Jeong1
,
Young Kim2
,
Hyun-Koo Kim1*
김 덕현1
,
박 선화1
,
윤 종현1
,
최 효정1
,
김 문수1
,
정 도환1
,
김 영2
,
김 현구1*
1National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Korea
2Departmeny of Environmental Engineering, Korea, University
1국립환경과학원
2고려대학교 대학원 환경공학과
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2020. pp. 67-76
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are organic compounds that tend to persist in environmental media for a long period of time. This work presents a 2-year monitoring study of occurrence of three PAHs (benzo(a)pyrene, naphthalene, and fluoranthene) in groundwater. The groundwater samples were collected from 106 sites of nation’s groundwater quality monitoring network and analyzed by simultaneous analysis method to quantify the concentrations of the PAHs. Benzo(a)pyrene was not detected in all samples. Naphthalene and fluoranthene concentrations ranged from not detected to 12.8 ng/L and not detected to 10.5 ng/L with their detection frequency being 57.8 and 4.2%, respectively. The concentrations of PAHs in ground- and drinking waters are not currently regulated in Korea, but the concentration levels of naphthalene and fluoranthene found in this work were lower than the regulatory limits of other countries (naphthalene 0.001~0.07 mg/L, fluoranthene 0.001~1.4 mg/L). The monitoring result of this study revealed that PAHs exist as trace amounts in domestic groundwater, however continuos monitoring is necessary to protect groundwater from PAHs contamination with growing industrialization and urbanization.

Keywords
Benzo(a)pyrene
Fluoranthene
Monitoring
Naphtalene
Simultaneous analysis
References
1

Ahn, Y.J., Lee, W.M., and Jeong, S.W., 2013, Chemical ranking and scoring methodology for the drinking and non-drinking groundwater pollutants : CROWN(Chemical Ranking of Groundwater PollutaNts), J. Soil & Groundwater Environ., 18(1), 16-25.

10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.1.016
2

APHA·AWWA·WEA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater – Standard Method 3120 : Metals by Plasma Emission Spectroscopy, 22nd Ed.

3

ATSDR, 1995, Toxicalogical Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, U.S. Department of health and human services, 1-288.

4

Hong, J.R. and Choi, K.M., 2015, Analytical characteristics of GC/MS and HPLC according to the concentration distribution of PAHs, J. Occup. & Environ. Hygiene, 25(3), 312-321.

10.15269/JKSOEH.2015.25.3.312
5

International Agency Research on Cancer, 2016, IARC Mono-graphs in the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans.

6

ISO, 2002, 17993 : Water Quality – Determination of 15 Poly-cyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAH) in Water by HPLC with Florescence Detection after Liquid-Liquid Extraction.

7

ISO, 2005, 7981-2 : Water Quality – Determination of Polycy-clic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAH) - Part 2 : Determination of six PAH by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection after Liquid-Liquid Extraction.

8

Jonsson, G., Taban, I.C., Jørgensen, K.B., and Sundt, R.C., 2004, Quantitative determination of de-conjugated chrysene metabo-lites in fish bile by HPLC-fluorescence and GC-MS, Chemo-sphere, 54(8), 1085-1097.

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.026
9

Kim, H.K., Park, S.H., Hwang, J.Y., Kim, M.S., Jo, H.J., Jeon, S.H., Lee, K.K., and Jeen, S.W., 2017, Groundwater qualities of wells around carcass burial areas, J. Geol. Soc. Korea, 53(3), 433-446.

10.14770/jgsk.2017.53.3.433
10

Masih, A., Saini, R., and Taneja, A., 2008, Contamination and exposure profiles of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-bons(PAHs) in groundwater in a semi-arid region in India, Inter-national J. of Water, 4(1/2), 136-147.

10.1504/IJW.2008.018152
11

MDH, 2015, Fluoranthene and drinking water, Health risk assessment unit., 1-2. https://www.health.state.mn.us/communi-ties/environment/risk/docs/guidance/gw/fluorantheneinfo.

12

Accesed : November 2015.

13

MOE, 2012, Investigation of Unreglated Contaminants in Groundwater Based on the Priority List(‘12).

14

MOE, 2013a, Development of Estimation and Modeling Tech-niques of Groundwater-Derived Pollution Load in Stream.

15

MOE, 2013b, Investigation of Unreglated Contaminants in Groundwater Based on the Priority List(‘13).

16

NPIC, 2010, Naphthalene technical fact sheet ; National Pesti-cide Information Center, Oregon state university extention ser-vices. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/archieve/naphthech.html. Date reviewed : November 2010.

17

Raiyani, C.V., Shah, S.H., Desai, N.M., Venkaiah K, Patel, J.S., Parikh, D.J., and Kashyap, S.K., 1993, Charcterization and prob-lems of indoor pollution due to cooking stove smoke., Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1643-1655.

10.1016/0960-1686(93)90227-P
18

UNECE, 2016, Protocol on persistent organic pollutants(POPs) ; The 1998 aarhus protocol on persistent organic pollut-ants(POPs). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. http://www.unece.org/env/lrtap/pops_h1.html. Accessed 3 July 2016.

19

US EPA, 1984, Method 610 : Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocar-bons.

20

US EPA, 1986a, Method 8100 : Polynuclear Aromatic Hydro-carbons.

21

US EPA, 1986b, Method 8310 : Polynuclear Aromatic Hydro-carbons.

22

US EPA, 1990, Method 550.1 : Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and HPLC with Coupled Ultraviolet and Fluores-cence Detection.

23

US EPA, 1995, Method 525.2 : Determination of Organic Com-pounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Cap-illary Column Gas Chromatrography/Mass Spectrometry.

24

US EPA, 1996a, Method 3510C : Separatory Funnel Liquid-Liquid Extraction.

25

US EPA, 1996b, Method 3520C : Continuous liquid-liquid extraction.

26

US EPA, 1999, Compendium Method TO-13A.

27

US EPA, 2003, Method 5030C : Purge-and-Trap for Aqueous Samples.

28

US EPA, 2006, Method 8260D(SW-846) : Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry(GC/ MS).

29

US EPA, 2007a, Method 3500C : Organic Extraction and Sam-ple Preparation.

30

US EPA, 2007b, Method 3535A : Solid-Phase Extraction(SPE).

31

US EPA, 2014a, Method 5021A : Volatile Organic Compounds in Various Sample Matrices Using Equilibrium Headspace Analysis.

32

US EPA, 2014b, Method 8270E(SW-846) : Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrom-etry(GC/MS).

33

US EPA, 2014c, Method 8410 : Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry for Semivolatile Organics : Capillary Column.

34

US EPA, 2016, Method 625.1 : Base/Neutrals and Acids by GC/ MS.

35

US Illinois, 2002, Illinois Pollution Control Board, part 620, Groundwater Quality.

36

WHO, 2011, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 4th edi-tion.

37

Yoo, Y.S., Lee, J.H., Park, J.C., Kim, D.M., and Cho, H.S.,

38

2012, Distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons(PAHs) in riverine waters of Ulsan coast, Korea, J. Marine Environ.& Safety, 18(5), 398-405.

10.7837/kosomes.2012.18.5.398
39

환경부, 2013, 지하수수질측정망 설치및수질오염실태 측정계획.

40

환경부, 2018, 먹는물 수질감시항목 시험방법.

41

환경부, 2018, 수질오염공정시험기준.

Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
  • Volume : 25
  • No :4
  • Pages :67-76
  • Received Date : 2020-11-09
  • Revised Date : 2020-11-11
  • Accepted Date : 2020-12-09
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2020.25.4.067
Journal Informaiton Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Online Submission
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close