Applicability of the Multi-Channel Surface-soil CO2-concentration Monitoring (SCM) System as a Surface Soil CO2 Monitoring Tool

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.1.041

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2015 Vol.20, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Applicability of the Multi-Channel Surface-soil CO₂-concentration Monitoring (SCM) System as a Surface Soil CO₂ Monitoring Tool 다채널 지표토양 CO₂ 농도 모니터링(SCM) 시스템 개발 및 적용성 평가 연구: 성기성;유순영;최병영;박진영;한래희;김정찬;박권규;채기탁;
Sung, Ki-Sung;Yu, Soonyoung;Choi, Byoung-Young;Park, Jinyoung;Han, Raehee;Kim, Jeong-Chan;Park, Kwon Gyu;Chae, Gitak;

31 March 2015. pp. 41 ~ 55

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Abstract

Monitoring of $CO_2$ release through the ground surface is essential to confirm the safety of carbon storage projects. We conducted a feasibility study of the multi-channel surface-soil $CO_2$-concentration monitoring (SCM) system as a soil $CO_2$ monitoring tool with a small scale injection test. The background concentrations showed the distinct diurnal variation. The negative relation of $CO_2$ with temperature and the low $CO_2$ concentrations during the day imply that surface-soil $CO_2$ depends on photosynthesis and respiration. After 4.2 kg of $CO_2$ injection (1 m depth for 29 minutes), surface-soil $CO_2$ concentrations increased in the all five chambers, which were located less than 2.8 m of distance from each other. The $CO_2$ concentrations seem to be recovered to the background around 4 hours after the injection ended. To determine the leakage, the data from Chamber 2 and 5 with low increase rates were used for statistical analyses. Coefficient of variation for 30 minutes ($CV_{30min}$.) is efficient to determine a leakage signal, with reflecting the fast change in $CO_2$ concentrations. Consequently, SCM and $CV_{30min}$ could be applied for an efficient monitoring tool to detect $CO_2$ release through the ground surface. Also, this study provides ideas for establishing action steps after leakage detection.

Keywords

Geologic $CO_2$ storage;soil $CO_2$ monitoring;injection test;

References

Annunziatellis, A., Beaubien, S.E., Bigi, S., Ciotoli, G., Coltella, M., and Lombardi, S., 2008, Gas migration along fault systems and through the vadose zone in the Latera caldera (central Italy): implications for CO₂ geological storage, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 2, 353-372.10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.02.003
Beaubien, S.E., Jones, D.G., Gal, F., Barkwith, A.K.A.P., Braibant, G., Baubron, J.C., Ciotoli, G., Graziani, S., Lister, T.R., Lombardi, S., Michel, K., Quattrocchi, F., and Strutt, M.H., 2013, Monitoring of near-surface gas geochemistry at the Weyburn Canda, CO₂-EOR site, 2001-2011, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 16, 236-262.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.013
Bernardo, C. and de Vries, D. F., 2011, Permanent shallow subsoil CO₂ flux chamber for monitoring of onshore CO₂ geological storage sites, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 5, 565-570.10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.011
Cook, P.J., 2014, Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon, CIR Pub., Seoul(Korean translation version), 273 p.
Feitz, A., Jenkins, C., Schacht, U., McGrath, A., Berko, H., Schroder, I., Noble, R, Kuske, T., George, S., Heath, C., Zegelin, S., Curnow, S., Zhang, Hui, Sirault, X., Jimenez-Berni, J., and Hortle, A., 2014, An assessment of near surface CO₂ leakage detection techniques under Australian condition, Energy Procedia, 63, 3891-3906.10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.419
Garcia-Anton, E., Cuezva, S., Fernandez-Cortes, A., Benavente, D., and Sanchez-Moral, S, 2014, Main drivers of diffusive and advective processes of CO₂-gas exchange between a shallow vadose zone and the atmosphere, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 21, 113-129.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.12.006
IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change), 2005, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, Cambridge Univ. Pub., 431 p.
Jenkins, C., 2013, Statistical aspect of monitoring and verification, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 13, 215-229.10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.12.020
Johnson, J.W. and Rostron, B.J., 2012, Geochemical monitoring, in: B. Hitchon(ed.), Best Practices for Validating CO₂ Geological Storage: Observations and Guidance from the IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO₂ Monitoring and Storage Project, Geoscience Pub., Alberta, Canada, p. 119-154.
Jung, N.H., Han, W.S., Watson, Z.T., Graham, J.P., and Kim, K.Y., 2014, Fault-controlled CO₂ leakage from natural reservation in the Colorado Plateau, East-Central Utah, Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 403, 358-367.10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.012
KIGAM (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources), 2013, Development of CO₂ Behavior Monitoring Technologies in Deep Geological Media, KIGAM GP2012-011-2013(2), Daejeon, 125 p.
Krevor, S., Perrin, J.C., Esposito, A., Rella, C., and Benson, S., 2010, Rapid detection and characterization of surface CO₂ leakage through the real-time, measurement of δ¹³C signature in CO₂ flux from the ground, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 4, 811-815.10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.002
Lewicki, J.L., Hilley, G.E., Dobeck, L., and Spangler, L., 2010, Dynamics of CO₂ fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO₂ release, Environ. Earth Sci., 60, 285-297.10.1007/s12665-009-0396-7
NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory), 2012, Best practices for monitoring, varification, and accounting of CO₂ stored in deep geologic formation-2012 update, DOE/NETL-2012/1568, 136 p.
Romanak, K.D., Bennett, P.C., Yang, C., and Hovorka, S.D., 2012, Process-based approach to CO₂ leakage detection by vadose zone gas monitoring at geologic CO₂ storage sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15405.
Scanlon, B.R., Nicot, J.P., and Massmann, J.W., 2001, Soil gas movement in unsaturated systems, in: A.W. Warrick(ed.), Soil Physics Companion, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 297-341.
Schacht, U. and Jenkins, C., 2014, Soil gas monitoring of the Otway project demonstration site in SE victoria, Austria, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 24, 14-29.10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.02.007
Schloemer, S., Furche, M., Dumke, I., Poggenburg, J., Bahr, A, Seeger, C, Vidal, A., and Faber, E., 2013, A review of continuous soil gas monitoring related to CCS - Technical advances and lessons learned, Appl. Geochem., 30, 148-160.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.002
Schlömer, S., Möller, I., and Furche, M., 2014, Baseline soil gas measurements as part of a monitoring concept above a projected CO₂ injection formation - A case study from Northern Germany, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 20, 57-72.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.10.028
Zhang, Y., Oldenburg, C.M., and Benson, S.M., 2004, Vadose zone remediation of carbon dioxide leakage from geologic carbon dioxide sequestration, Vadose Zone J., 3, 858-866.10.2136/vzj2004.0858

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 20
No :1
Pages :41 ~ 55
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.1.041

[1] Annunziatellis, A., Beaubien, S.E., Bigi, S., Ciotoli, G., Coltella, M., and Lombardi, S., 2008, Gas migration along fault systems and through the vadose zone in the Latera caldera (central Italy): implications for CO₂ geological storage, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 2, 353-372.10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.02.003

[2] Beaubien, S.E., Jones, D.G., Gal, F., Barkwith, A.K.A.P., Braibant, G., Baubron, J.C., Ciotoli, G., Graziani, S., Lister, T.R., Lombardi, S., Michel, K., Quattrocchi, F., and Strutt, M.H., 2013, Monitoring of near-surface gas geochemistry at the Weyburn Canda, CO₂-EOR site, 2001-2011, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 16, 236-262.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.01.013

[3] Bernardo, C. and de Vries, D. F., 2011, Permanent shallow subsoil CO₂ flux chamber for monitoring of onshore CO₂ geological storage sites, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 5, 565-570.10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.011

[4] Cook, P.J., 2014, Clean Energy, Climate and Carbon, CIR Pub., Seoul(Korean translation version), 273 p.

[5] Feitz, A., Jenkins, C., Schacht, U., McGrath, A., Berko, H., Schroder, I., Noble, R, Kuske, T., George, S., Heath, C., Zegelin, S., Curnow, S., Zhang, Hui, Sirault, X., Jimenez-Berni, J., and Hortle, A., 2014, An assessment of near surface CO₂ leakage detection techniques under Australian condition, Energy Procedia, 63, 3891-3906.10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.419

[6] Garcia-Anton, E., Cuezva, S., Fernandez-Cortes, A., Benavente, D., and Sanchez-Moral, S, 2014, Main drivers of diffusive and advective processes of CO₂-gas exchange between a shallow vadose zone and the atmosphere, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 21, 113-129.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.12.006

[7] IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change), 2005, IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage, Cambridge Univ. Pub., 431 p.

[8] Jenkins, C., 2013, Statistical aspect of monitoring and verification, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 13, 215-229.10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.12.020

[9] Johnson, J.W. and Rostron, B.J., 2012, Geochemical monitoring, in: B. Hitchon(ed.), Best Practices for Validating CO₂ Geological Storage: Observations and Guidance from the IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO₂ Monitoring and Storage Project, Geoscience Pub., Alberta, Canada, p. 119-154.

[10] Jung, N.H., Han, W.S., Watson, Z.T., Graham, J.P., and Kim, K.Y., 2014, Fault-controlled CO₂ leakage from natural reservation in the Colorado Plateau, East-Central Utah, Earth Planet Sc. Lett., 403, 358-367.10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.012

[11] KIGAM (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources), 2013, Development of CO₂ Behavior Monitoring Technologies in Deep Geological Media, KIGAM GP2012-011-2013(2), Daejeon, 125 p.

[12] Krevor, S., Perrin, J.C., Esposito, A., Rella, C., and Benson, S., 2010, Rapid detection and characterization of surface CO₂ leakage through the real-time, measurement of δ¹³C signature in CO₂ flux from the ground, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 4, 811-815.10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.002

[13] Lewicki, J.L., Hilley, G.E., Dobeck, L., and Spangler, L., 2010, Dynamics of CO₂ fluxes and concentrations during a shallow subsurface CO₂ release, Environ. Earth Sci., 60, 285-297.10.1007/s12665-009-0396-7

[14] NETL (National Energy Technology Laboratory), 2012, Best practices for monitoring, varification, and accounting of CO₂ stored in deep geologic formation-2012 update, DOE/NETL-2012/1568, 136 p.

[15] Romanak, K.D., Bennett, P.C., Yang, C., and Hovorka, S.D., 2012, Process-based approach to CO₂ leakage detection by vadose zone gas monitoring at geologic CO₂ storage sites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L15405.

[16] Scanlon, B.R., Nicot, J.P., and Massmann, J.W., 2001, Soil gas movement in unsaturated systems, in: A.W. Warrick(ed.), Soil Physics Companion, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 297-341.

[17] Schacht, U. and Jenkins, C., 2014, Soil gas monitoring of the Otway project demonstration site in SE victoria, Austria, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 24, 14-29.10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.02.007

[18] Schloemer, S., Furche, M., Dumke, I., Poggenburg, J., Bahr, A, Seeger, C, Vidal, A., and Faber, E., 2013, A review of continuous soil gas monitoring related to CCS - Technical advances and lessons learned, Appl. Geochem., 30, 148-160.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.08.002

[19] Schlömer, S., Möller, I., and Furche, M., 2014, Baseline soil gas measurements as part of a monitoring concept above a projected CO₂ injection formation - A case study from Northern Germany, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Con., 20, 57-72.10.1016/j.ijggc.2013.10.028

[20] Zhang, Y., Oldenburg, C.M., and Benson, S.M., 2004, Vadose zone remediation of carbon dioxide leakage from geologic carbon dioxide sequestration, Vadose Zone J., 3, 858-866.10.2136/vzj2004.0858

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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