The Characteristics of the Biochar with the Synthetic Food Waste and Wood Waste for Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2014.19.1.001

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2014 Vol.19, Issue 1 Next Page

The Characteristics of the Biochar with the Synthetic Food Waste and Wood Waste for Soil Contaminated with Heavy Metals 인공 음식물 혼합 폐기물 바이오차의 토양 중금속 흡착 가능성을 위한 특성 분석: 백예슬;이재영;박성규;배선영;
Baek, Ye-Seul;Lee, Jai-Young;Park, Seong-Kyu;Bae, Sunyoung;

28 February 2014. pp. 1 ~ 7

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Abstract

When processing the biomass by Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a slow pyrolysis process, it produces bio-gas, biooil, and biochar. Among these end products, biochar is known for isolating or storing carbon and being used as a soil amendment. In this study, the characteristics of biochar generated by HTC at $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 20 hours with synthetic food wastes and wood wastes were analyzed for potential uses in soil contaminated with heavy metals. The yield of biochar (weight %) increased when the ratio of wood wastes increased and showed a decreasing tendency as reaction time increased. Elemental analysis of biochar based on various conditions showed a maximum of 70% carbon (C) content. The carbon content showed an increasing tendency with the increase of wood wastes. Iodine adsorption test was peformed to determine the optimum reaction condition, which was 15% wood waste for mixing ratio and 2 hours for reaction time. Using biochar generated at the optimum condition, its capability of adsorbing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni) was evaluated. It was concluded that lead (Pb) was removed efficiently while zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) were hardly adsorbed by biochar.

Keywords

Heavy metal adsorption;Hydrothermal carbonization;Biochar;Synthetic food waste;Wood waste;

References

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Ascough, P.L., Bird, M.I., Francis, S.M., Thornton, B., Midwood, A.J., Scott, A.C., and Apperley, D., 2011, Variability in oxidative degradation of charcoal: influence of production conditions and environmental exposure, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 2361-2378.10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.002
Bae, S. and Koh, E., 2011, Lead and Zinc sorption on Biochar of Cabbage using Hydrothermal Carbonization, J. Korea Soc. Environ. Anal., 14, 228-233.
Beesley, L. and Marmirolib, M., 2011, The immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar, Environ. Pollut., 159, 474-480.10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.016
Berge, N.D., Ro, K.S., Mao, J., Flora, J.R., Chappell, M.A., and Bae, S., 2011, Hydrothermal carbonization of municipal waste streams, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5696-5703.10.1021/es2004528
Cheng, C.H., Lehmann, J., and Engelhard, M.H., 2008, Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 1598-1610.10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.010
Day, D., Evans, R.J., Lee, J.W., and Reicosky, D., 2005, Economical $CO_2$, $SO_x$, and $NO_x$ capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration, Energy, 30, 2558-2579.10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.016
Foley, N.J., Thomas, K.M., Forshaw, P.L., Stanton, D., and Norman, P.R., 1997, Kinetics of water vapor adsorption on activated carbon, Langmuir, 13, 2083-2089.10.1021/la960339s
Kim, H.-W., Bae, S., and Lee, J.-Y., 2013, A study on the removal of heavy metals in soil by sewage slude biochar, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 18, 58-64.10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.3.058
Kim, S.S., 1991, Development of Heavy Metal Adsorbent Utilising Natural Zeolite, M. S. Thesis, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.
Kim, Y.K., 2002, A preparation of adsorbent from incinerator fly ash and adsorption characteristics of heavy metal, M. S. Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.
Lehmann, J., 2007, Bioenergy in the black, Front. Ecol. Environ., 5, 381-387.10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:BITB]2.0.CO;2
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Liu, Z., Demisie, W., and Zhang, M., 2013, Simulated degradation of biochar and its potential environmental implications, Environ. Pollut., 179, 146-152.10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.030
Melo, L.C.A., Coscione, A.R., Abreu, C.A., Puga, A.P., and Camargo, O.A., 2013, Influence of pyrolysis temperature on cadmium and zinc sorption capacity of sugar cane straw-derived biochar, Bioresources, 8, 4992-5004.
Mochidzuki, K., Sato, N., and Sakoda, A., 2005, Production and characterization of carbonaceous adsorbents from biomass wastes by aqueous phase carbonization, Adsorption, 11, 669-673.10.1007/s10450-005-6004-6
Mohan, D., Pittman C.U., Bricka, M., Smith, F., Yancey, B., Mohammad, J., Steele, P.H., Alexandre-Franco, M.F., Gomez-Serrano, V., and Gong, H., 2007, Sorption of arsenic, cadmium and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 310, 57-73.10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.020
Oen, A.M.P., Cornelissen, G., and Breedveld, G.D., 2006, Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of Norwegian harbor sediments, Environ. Pollut., 141, 370-380.10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.033
Ozcimen, D. and Ersoy-Mericboyu, A., 2010, Characterization of biochar and bio-oil samples obtained from carbonization of various biomass materials, Renewable energy.
Ro, K.S., Cantrell, K.B., and Hunt, P.G., 2010, High-Temperature pyrolysis of blended animal manures for producing renewable energy and value-added biochar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 10125-10131.10.1021/ie101155m
Roberts, K.G., Gloy, B.A., Joseph, S., Scott, N.R., and Lehmann, J., 2010, Life cycle assessment of biochar systems: estimating the energetic, economic, and climate change potential, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 827-833.10.1021/es902266r
Ruthven, D.W., 1984, Principles of adsorption and adsorption process, John wiley & Sons., U.S.A.
Sevilla, M. and Fuertes, A.B., 2009a, The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, Carbon, 47, 2281-2289.10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026
Sevilla, M. and Fuertes, A.B., 2009b, Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides, Chemistry, 15, 4195-4203.10.1002/chem.200802097
Trakal, L., Komarek, M., Szakova, J., Zemanova, V., and Tlustos, P., 2011, Biochar application to metal-contaminated soil: evaluating of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn sorption behavior using single- and multi-element sorption experiment, Plant Soil Environ., 57, 372-380.
Uchimiya, M., Lima, I.M., Klasson, K.T., and Wartelle, L.H., 2010, Contaminant pimmobilization and nutrient release by biochar soil amendment: Roles of natural organic matter, Chemosphere, 80, 935-940.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.020
Uchimiya, M., Bnnon, D.I., and Wartelle, L.H., 2012, Retention of heavy metlas by carboxyl functional groups of biochars in small arms ranges soil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 1798-1809.10.1021/jf2047898
Yang, R.T., 1987, Gas separation by adsorption process, Imperial College Press, London.
Youm, S.-J., Yun, S.-T., Kim, J.-H., and Park, M.-E., 2002, Neutralization of acid rock drainage from the Dongrae pyrophyllite deposit: A study on behavior of heavy metals, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 7, 68-76.
Zwieten, L.V., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K.Y., Downie, A., Rust, J., Joseph, S., and Cowie, A., 2010, Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility, Plant Soil, 327, 235-246.10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 19
No :1
Pages :1 ~ 7
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2014.19.1.001

[1] Akhtar, J. and Amin, N.A.S., 2011, A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass, Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 15, 1615-1624.10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.054

[2] Ascough, P.L., Bird, M.I., Francis, S.M., Thornton, B., Midwood, A.J., Scott, A.C., and Apperley, D., 2011, Variability in oxidative degradation of charcoal: influence of production conditions and environmental exposure, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 75, 2361-2378.10.1016/j.gca.2011.02.002

[3] Bae, S. and Koh, E., 2011, Lead and Zinc sorption on Biochar of Cabbage using Hydrothermal Carbonization, J. Korea Soc. Environ. Anal., 14, 228-233.

[4] Beesley, L. and Marmirolib, M., 2011, The immobilisation and retention of soluble arsenic, cadmium and zinc by biochar, Environ. Pollut., 159, 474-480.10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.016

[5] Berge, N.D., Ro, K.S., Mao, J., Flora, J.R., Chappell, M.A., and Bae, S., 2011, Hydrothermal carbonization of municipal waste streams, Environ. Sci. Technol., 45, 5696-5703.10.1021/es2004528

[6] Cheng, C.H., Lehmann, J., and Engelhard, M.H., 2008, Natural oxidation of black carbon in soils: changes in molecular form and surface charge along a climosequence, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 72, 1598-1610.10.1016/j.gca.2008.01.010

[7] Day, D., Evans, R.J., Lee, J.W., and Reicosky, D., 2005, Economical $CO_2$, $SO_x$, and $NO_x$ capture from fossil-fuel utilization with combined renewable hydrogen production and large-scale carbon sequestration, Energy, 30, 2558-2579.10.1016/j.energy.2004.07.016

[8] Foley, N.J., Thomas, K.M., Forshaw, P.L., Stanton, D., and Norman, P.R., 1997, Kinetics of water vapor adsorption on activated carbon, Langmuir, 13, 2083-2089.10.1021/la960339s

[9] Kim, H.-W., Bae, S., and Lee, J.-Y., 2013, A study on the removal of heavy metals in soil by sewage slude biochar, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 18, 58-64.10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.3.058

[10] Kim, S.S., 1991, Development of Heavy Metal Adsorbent Utilising Natural Zeolite, M. S. Thesis, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.

[11] Kim, Y.K., 2002, A preparation of adsorbent from incinerator fly ash and adsorption characteristics of heavy metal, M. S. Thesis, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.

[12] Lehmann, J., 2007, Bioenergy in the black, Front. Ecol. Environ., 5, 381-387.10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:BITB]2.0.CO;2

[13] Liang, B., Lehmann, J., Solomon, D., Kinyangi, J., Grossman, J., O''Neill, B., Skjemstad, J.O., Thies, J., Luizao, F.J., Petersen, J., and Neves, E.G., 2006, Black carbon increases cation exchange capacity in soils, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 70, 1719-1730.10.2136/sssaj2005.0383

[14] Liu, Z., Demisie, W., and Zhang, M., 2013, Simulated degradation of biochar and its potential environmental implications, Environ. Pollut., 179, 146-152.10.1016/j.envpol.2013.04.030

[15] Melo, L.C.A., Coscione, A.R., Abreu, C.A., Puga, A.P., and Camargo, O.A., 2013, Influence of pyrolysis temperature on cadmium and zinc sorption capacity of sugar cane straw-derived biochar, Bioresources, 8, 4992-5004.

[16] Mochidzuki, K., Sato, N., and Sakoda, A., 2005, Production and characterization of carbonaceous adsorbents from biomass wastes by aqueous phase carbonization, Adsorption, 11, 669-673.10.1007/s10450-005-6004-6

[17] Mohan, D., Pittman C.U., Bricka, M., Smith, F., Yancey, B., Mohammad, J., Steele, P.H., Alexandre-Franco, M.F., Gomez-Serrano, V., and Gong, H., 2007, Sorption of arsenic, cadmium and lead by chars produced from fast pyrolysis of wood and bark during bio-oil production, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 310, 57-73.10.1016/j.jcis.2007.01.020

[18] Oen, A.M.P., Cornelissen, G., and Breedveld, G.D., 2006, Relation between PAH and black carbon contents in size fractions of Norwegian harbor sediments, Environ. Pollut., 141, 370-380.10.1016/j.envpol.2005.08.033

[19] Ozcimen, D. and Ersoy-Mericboyu, A., 2010, Characterization of biochar and bio-oil samples obtained from carbonization of various biomass materials, Renewable energy.

[20] Ro, K.S., Cantrell, K.B., and Hunt, P.G., 2010, High-Temperature pyrolysis of blended animal manures for producing renewable energy and value-added biochar, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 49, 10125-10131.10.1021/ie101155m

[21] Roberts, K.G., Gloy, B.A., Joseph, S., Scott, N.R., and Lehmann, J., 2010, Life cycle assessment of biochar systems: estimating the energetic, economic, and climate change potential, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 827-833.10.1021/es902266r

[22] Ruthven, D.W., 1984, Principles of adsorption and adsorption process, John wiley & Sons., U.S.A.

[23] Sevilla, M. and Fuertes, A.B., 2009a, The production of carbon materials by hydrothermal carbonization of cellulose, Carbon, 47, 2281-2289.10.1016/j.carbon.2009.04.026

[24] Sevilla, M. and Fuertes, A.B., 2009b, Chemical and structural properties of carbonaceous products obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of saccharides, Chemistry, 15, 4195-4203.10.1002/chem.200802097

[25] Trakal, L., Komarek, M., Szakova, J., Zemanova, V., and Tlustos, P., 2011, Biochar application to metal-contaminated soil: evaluating of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn sorption behavior using single- and multi-element sorption experiment, Plant Soil Environ., 57, 372-380.

[26] Uchimiya, M., Lima, I.M., Klasson, K.T., and Wartelle, L.H., 2010, Contaminant pimmobilization and nutrient release by biochar soil amendment: Roles of natural organic matter, Chemosphere, 80, 935-940.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.05.020

[27] Uchimiya, M., Bnnon, D.I., and Wartelle, L.H., 2012, Retention of heavy metlas by carboxyl functional groups of biochars in small arms ranges soil, J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 1798-1809.10.1021/jf2047898

[28] Yang, R.T., 1987, Gas separation by adsorption process, Imperial College Press, London.

[29] Youm, S.-J., Yun, S.-T., Kim, J.-H., and Park, M.-E., 2002, Neutralization of acid rock drainage from the Dongrae pyrophyllite deposit: A study on behavior of heavy metals, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 7, 68-76.

[30] Zwieten, L.V., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K.Y., Downie, A., Rust, J., Joseph, S., and Cowie, A., 2010, Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility, Plant Soil, 327, 235-246.10.1007/s11104-009-0050-x

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