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2025 Vol.30, Issue 5 Preview Page
In situ Repetitive Synthesis of Fe Oxides for Enhanced Cd Stabilization in Soil: Field Demonstration

원위치 철산화물 반복합성법을 이용한 토양 내 카드뮴 안정화 효율 향상 및 현장 실증

Hosub Lee1
,
Seulki Jeong2*
,
Jinsung An3
,
Daeho Kim4
,
Kwangjin Park4
,
Kyoungphile Nam1
이호섭 1
,
정슬기 2*
,
안진성 3
,
김대호 4
,
박광진 4
,
남경필 1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
2Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
4Daeil Engineering & Consulting Co., LTD
1서울대학교 건설환경공학부
2세종대학교 환경융합공학과
3한양대학교 ERICA 건설환경공학부
4(주)대일이앤씨
*Corresponding Author
31 October 2025. pp. 30-40
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In situ iron (Fe) oxide synthesis is an effective chemical precipitation technique for heavy metal stabilization in contaminated soils. However, surface-adsorbed metals remain vulnerable to remobilization under changing environmental conditions. Aqueous Cd stabilization experiments demonstrated that repetitive synthesis progressively reduced the surface-adsorbed Cd fraction from 68.7 ± 1.0% (1st synthesis) to 53.9 ± 2.6% (2nd synthesis) and 23.5 ± 0.8% (3rd synthesis), while single synthesis with equivalent Fe showed no such reduction. Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-TEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) line scanning revealed that surface-adsorbed Cd migrated from edge sites to bulk sites during repetitive synthesis, confirming physical encapsulation by newly formed Fe oxide layers. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis indicated lattice distortion in Fe oxide structures, suggesting simultaneous incorporation mechanisms. Stabilization of Cd in soil experiments revealed that stabilization efficiency strongly depended on the Fe/Cd molar ratio in soil solution, with ratios >400 achieving 99% reduction in Cd leachability through single synthesis via discrete Fe oxide formation, while lower ratios (Fe/Cd = 63) required repetitive synthesis to achieve enhanced stabilization through progressive encapsulation mechanisms. Field demonstration validated the practical applicability, achieving complete suppression of Cd leaching in most soil depths after two synthesis cycles. This study establishes repetitive in situ Fe oxide synthesis as a viable remediation strategy for Cd-contaminated soils.

Keywords
In situ Fe oxide repetitive synthesis
Surface adsorption
Sequestration
Incorporation
Encapsulation
Field demonstration
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
  • Volume : 30
  • No :5
  • Pages :30-40
  • Received Date : 2025-08-08
  • Revised Date : 2025-08-18
  • Accepted Date : 2025-09-08
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2025.30.5.030
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