Study on Subcritical Water Degradation of RDX Contaminated Soil in Batch and Dynamic Mode

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.6.095

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2015 Vol.20, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Study on Subcritical Water Degradation of RDX Contaminated Soil in Batch and Dynamic Mode 배치형과 연속흐름형에 의한 토양 중 RDX의 아임계 분해특성 비교연구: 최재헌;이환;이철효;김주엽;박정훈;조영태;
Choi, Jae-Heon;Lee, Hwan;Lee, Cheol-Hyo;Kim, Ju-Yup;Park, Jeong-Hun;Jo, Young-Tae;

30 November 2015. pp. 95 ~ 102

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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to compare the degradation characteristics by subcritical water of RDX contaminated soil using batch mode and dynamic mode devices. First, upon application of RDX contaminated soil, RDX treatment efficiency was increased with increasing the temperature in both modes. At 150℃, the treatment efficiency was 99.9%. RDX degradation efficiency got higher with lower ratio of solid to liquid. However, the treatment efficiency in the dynamic mode tended to be decreased at a certain ratio of solid to liquid or lower. The treatment efficiency was increased when it took longer time for the reactions in both modes. As the results of analysis on concentration of treated water after subcritical water degradation, the RDX recovery rate of dynamic and batch modes at 150℃ was 10.5% and 1.5%, respectively. However, both modes showed very similar recovery rates at 175℃ or higher. RDX degradation products were analyzed in treated water after it was treated with subcritical water. According to the results, RDX degradation mechanism was mostly oxidation reaction and reduction reaction was partially involved. Therefore, it suggested that most of RDX in soil was degraded by oxidation of subcritical water upon extraction. According to this result, it was found that both batch and dynamic modes were very effectively applied in the treatment of explosive contaminated soil.

Keywords

RDX;Subcritical water;Soil remediation;Batch;Dynamic;

References

Anitescu, G. and Taylarides, L.L., 2000, Oxidation of Aroclor 1248 in supercritical water: A global kinetic study, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 39, 583-591.10.1021/ie990704l
Ayoub, K., Hullebusch, E.D., Cassir, M., and Bermond, A., 2010, Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review, J. Hazard. Mate., 178, 10-28.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.042
Bajpai, R., Parekh, D., Herrmann, S., Popovic, M., Paca, J., and Qasim, M., 2004, A kinetic model of aqueous-phase alkali hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, J. Hazard. Mater., 106B(1), 37-44.
Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.G., Landmyer, J.E., and Schumacher, J.G., 1994, Microbial transformation of nitroaromatics in surface soils and aquifer materials, App. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 2170-2175.
Carr, A.G., Mammucari, R., and Foster, N.R., 2011, A review of subcritical water as a solvent and its utilisation for the processing of hydrophobic organic compounds, Chem. Eng. J., 172(1), 1-17.10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.007
Chang, S.J. and Lui, Y.C., 2007, Degradation mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in supercritical water oxidation, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 1430-1435.10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60233-2
Choi, J.H., Lee, H., Lee, C.H., Kim, J.Y., and Oh, S.Y., 2015, Remediation of soil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants through subcritical water degradation, J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 37(2), 113-119.10.4491/KSEE.2015.37.2.113
EPA, 1993, Approaches for the remediation of federal facility sites contaminated with explosive or radioactive wastes, EPA-624/R-93/013, Office of research and development, USA, 2 p.
Ghoreishi, S.M. and Shahrestani, R.G., 2009, Subcritical water extraction of mannitol from olive leaves, J. Food Eng., 93, 474-481.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.02.015
Hawthorne, S.B., Lagadec, A.J.M., Kalderis, D., Lilke, A.V., and Miller, D.J., 2000, Pilot-scale destruction of TNT, RDX and HMX on contaminated soils using subcritical water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3224-3228.10.1021/es991431o
Hundal, L.S., Singh, J., Bier, E.L., Shea, P.J., Comfort, S.D., and Powers, W.L., 1997, Removal TNT and RDX form water and soil using iron metal, Environ. Pollut., 97(1-2), 55-64.10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00081-X
Islam, M.N., Shin, M.S., Jo, Y.T., and Park, J.H., 2015, TNT and RDX degradation and extraction from contaminated soil using subcritical water, Chemosphere, 119, 1148-1152.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.101
Kalderis, D., Hawthone, S.B., Clifford, A.A., and Gidarakos, E., 2008, Interacion of soil, water and TNT during degradation of TNT on contaminated soil using subcritical water, J. Hazard. Mater., 159, 329-334.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.041
Khajenoori, M., Asl, A.H., and Horimozi, F., 2009, Proposed models for subcritical water extraction of essential oils, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 17, 359-365.10.1016/S1004-9541(08)60217-7
Lopez, E.P. and Castro, L.D., 2002, Demetalisaion of soils by continuos acidified subcritical water extraction, Talanta., 58(2), 377-385.10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00288-6
Oh, S.Y. and Shin, D.S., 2015, Remediation of explosive-contaminated soils: Alkaline hydrolysis and subcritical water degradation, Soil. Sediment. Contam., 24, 1-15.10.1080/15320383.2014.907238
USEPA, 2006, Drinking water health advisories (http://www.epa.gov/action/advisories/drinking/dwstandards.cfm).
Thompson, P.L., Ramer, L.A., and Schnoor, J.L., 1998, Uptake and transformation of TNT by hybrid polar trees, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(7), 975-980.10.1021/es970799n
Teo, C.C., Tan, S.N., Yong, J.W.H., Hew, C.S., and Ong, E.S., 2010, Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 2484-2494.10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.050

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 20
No :6
Pages :95 ~ 102
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.6.095

[1] Anitescu, G. and Taylarides, L.L., 2000, Oxidation of Aroclor 1248 in supercritical water: A global kinetic study, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 39, 583-591.10.1021/ie990704l

[2] Ayoub, K., Hullebusch, E.D., Cassir, M., and Bermond, A., 2010, Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review, J. Hazard. Mate., 178, 10-28.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.042

[3] Bajpai, R., Parekh, D., Herrmann, S., Popovic, M., Paca, J., and Qasim, M., 2004, A kinetic model of aqueous-phase alkali hydrolysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, J. Hazard. Mater., 106B(1), 37-44.

[4] Bradley, P.M., Chapelle, F.G., Landmyer, J.E., and Schumacher, J.G., 1994, Microbial transformation of nitroaromatics in surface soils and aquifer materials, App. Environ. Microbiol., 60, 2170-2175.

[5] Carr, A.G., Mammucari, R., and Foster, N.R., 2011, A review of subcritical water as a solvent and its utilisation for the processing of hydrophobic organic compounds, Chem. Eng. J., 172(1), 1-17.10.1016/j.cej.2011.06.007

[6] Chang, S.J. and Lui, Y.C., 2007, Degradation mechanism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in supercritical water oxidation, J. Environ. Sci., 19, 1430-1435.10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60233-2

[7] Choi, J.H., Lee, H., Lee, C.H., Kim, J.Y., and Oh, S.Y., 2015, Remediation of soil contaminated with persistent organic pollutants through subcritical water degradation, J. Korean Soc. Environ. Eng., 37(2), 113-119.10.4491/KSEE.2015.37.2.113

[8] EPA, 1993, Approaches for the remediation of federal facility sites contaminated with explosive or radioactive wastes, EPA-624/R-93/013, Office of research and development, USA, 2 p.

[9] Ghoreishi, S.M. and Shahrestani, R.G., 2009, Subcritical water extraction of mannitol from olive leaves, J. Food Eng., 93, 474-481.10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2009.02.015

[10] Hawthorne, S.B., Lagadec, A.J.M., Kalderis, D., Lilke, A.V., and Miller, D.J., 2000, Pilot-scale destruction of TNT, RDX and HMX on contaminated soils using subcritical water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3224-3228.10.1021/es991431o

[11] Hundal, L.S., Singh, J., Bier, E.L., Shea, P.J., Comfort, S.D., and Powers, W.L., 1997, Removal TNT and RDX form water and soil using iron metal, Environ. Pollut., 97(1-2), 55-64.10.1016/S0269-7491(97)00081-X

[12] Islam, M.N., Shin, M.S., Jo, Y.T., and Park, J.H., 2015, TNT and RDX degradation and extraction from contaminated soil using subcritical water, Chemosphere, 119, 1148-1152.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.09.101

[13] Kalderis, D., Hawthone, S.B., Clifford, A.A., and Gidarakos, E., 2008, Interacion of soil, water and TNT during degradation of TNT on contaminated soil using subcritical water, J. Hazard. Mater., 159, 329-334.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.02.041

[14] Khajenoori, M., Asl, A.H., and Horimozi, F., 2009, Proposed models for subcritical water extraction of essential oils, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 17, 359-365.10.1016/S1004-9541(08)60217-7

[15] Lopez, E.P. and Castro, L.D., 2002, Demetalisaion of soils by continuos acidified subcritical water extraction, Talanta., 58(2), 377-385.10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00288-6

[16] Oh, S.Y. and Shin, D.S., 2015, Remediation of explosive-contaminated soils: Alkaline hydrolysis and subcritical water degradation, Soil. Sediment. Contam., 24, 1-15.10.1080/15320383.2014.907238

[17] USEPA, 2006, Drinking water health advisories (http://www.epa.gov/action/advisories/drinking/dwstandards.cfm).

[18] Thompson, P.L., Ramer, L.A., and Schnoor, J.L., 1998, Uptake and transformation of TNT by hybrid polar trees, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(7), 975-980.10.1021/es970799n

[19] Teo, C.C., Tan, S.N., Yong, J.W.H., Hew, C.S., and Ong, E.S., 2010, Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE), J. Chromatogr. A, 1217, 2484-2494.10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.050

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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