Remediation of Heavy Metal Contamination in OBOD Site with Soil Washing : Selection of Extractants

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2008 Vol.13, Issue 2 Preview Page Next Page

Remediation of Heavy Metal Contamination in OBOD Site with Soil Washing : Selection of Extractants 토양세척법에 의한 중금속오염 폐탄처리장 토양의 정화 : 세척액의 선정: 이상환;김을영;서상기;김권보;김재환;이종근;
Lee, Sang-Hwan;Kim, Eul-Young;Seo, Sang-Kee;Kim, Gweon-Bo;Kim, Jae-Hwan;Lee, Jong-Keun;

30 April 2008. pp. 44 ~ 53

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Abstract

The efficiences of mineral acid (HCl), neutral salts ($CaCl_2$), and chelating agent (citric acid and $Na_2$-EDTA) were tested for extracting heavy metals from open burning and open detonation (OBOD) site soil. The extraction efficiencies of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from soil for various extractants were in the order of HCl > citric acid > $Na_2$-EDTA > $CaCl_2$, HCl (1.0 M) extracted effectively 82%, 86%, 80%, and 46% of initial total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively. Significant negative correlations were observed between pH of extractant and amount of extracted heavy metals. Initially, examined heavy metals were predominantly bound to carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide fraction. Though the significant amount of carbonate and Fe, Mn-oxide bounded metals were removed but a significant amount remained metals shifted to exchangeable (more mobile) fraction by HCl and citric acid extraction. The increased mobility of remaining metals could be problematic for water resources, thus careful management is needed to control the movement of heavy metals.

Keywords

Heavy metals;OBODsite soil;Soil washing;Extractant;Sequential extraction;

폐탄처리과정에서 오염된 중금속 오염토양의 정화에 있어 무기산(HCl), 중성염($CaCl_2$), 킬레이트제(citric acid, $Na_2$-EDTA)들을 이용한 토양세척 가능성을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 추출액(HCl, $CaCl_2$, citric acid, $Na_2$-EDTA)들의 추출효율은 HCl > citric acid > $Na_2$-EDTA > $CaCl_2$의 순으로 나타났는데 HCl(1.0 M)에 의해서 Cd, Cu, Pb와 Zn이 초기농도 대비 각각 82%, 86%, 80%, 46% 정도 추출된 것으로 나타났다. 추출효율과 반응액의 pH 간에는 고도의 음의 상관관계가 존재하였다. 폐탄약처리장 부지 토양 중 중금속은 탄산염결합태, Fe, Mn-산화물 결합태 형태로 존재하고 있었는데 HCl, citric acid 세척에 의해서 이들 분획의 현저한 감소가 이루어졌지만 이동성이 상대적으로 큰 치환태가 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이동성이 큰 분획의 증가는 지하수 오염 등의 문제를 야기시킬 수 있음으로 이에 대한 적절한 관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

키워드

중금속;폐탄처리장 토양;토양세척;추출제;연속추출;

References

Davies, N.A., Hodson, M.E., and Black, S., 2003, Is the OECD accute worm toxicity test environmentally relavant? The effect of mineral form on calculated lead toxicity, Environ. Pollut., 121(1), 49-54
Davis, A.P. and Singh, I., 1995, Washing of Zinc(II) from contaminated soil columns, J. Environ. Eng., 121(2), 174-18510.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:2(174)
Furukawa, M. and Tokunaga, S., 2004, Extraction of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using citrate-enhancing extraction by pH control and ultrasound application, J. Environ. Sci. Health, PART A: Environ. Sci. Eng., 39(3), 627-638
Ghestem, J.P. and Bermond, A., 1998, EDTA extractability of trace metals in polluted soils; A chemical-physical study, Environ. Technol., 19(4), 409-41610.1080/09593331908616696
Kedziorok, M.A.M. and Boury, C.M.A., 1999, Solubilization of lead and cadmium during the percolation of EDTA through a soil polluted by smelting activities, J. Contamin. Hydrol., 40, 381-39210.1016/S0169-7722(99)00056-X
Kim, C.S., Lee, Y.W., and Ong, S.K., 2003, Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 51(5), 845-85310.1016/S0045-6535(03)00155-3
Kuo, S., Lai, M.S., and Lin, C.W., 2006, Influence of solution acidity and $CaCl_2$ concentration on the removal of heavy metals from metal-contaminated rice soils, Environ. Pollut., 144, 918- 92510.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.001
Lim, T.T., Tay, J.H., and Wang, J.Y., 2004, Chelating-agentenhanced heavy metal extraction from a contaminated acidic soil, J. Environ. Eng., 130(1), 59-6610.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:1(59)
Moutsatsou, A., Gregou, M., Matas, D., and Protonotarios, V., 2006, Washing as a remediation technology applicable in soils heavily polluted by mining-metallurgical activities, Chemosphere, 63, 1632-164010.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.015
Palma, L.D. and Ferrantelli, P., 2005, Cooper leaching from a sandy soil: mechanisms and parameters affecting EDTA extraction, J. Hazard. Mater., 122, 85-9010.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.010
Palma, L.D. and Mecozzi, R., 2007, Heavy metals mobilization from harbour sediments using EDTA and citric acid as chelating agents, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(3), 768-77510.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.072
Peters, W.R., 1999, Chelatant extractant of heavy metals from contaminated soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 66, 151-21010.1016/S0304-3894(99)00010-2
Semer, R. and Reddy, R.K., 1995, Evaluation of soil washing process to remove mixed contaminants from a sandy loam, J. Hazard. Mater., 45, 45-57
Sun, B., Zhao, J.F., Lombi, E., and Mcgrath, P.S., 2001, Leaching of heavy metals contaminated soil using $Na_2EDTA$, Environ. Pollut., 113(2), 111-12010.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7
Tokunaga, S. and Toshikatsu, H., 2002, Acid washing and stablization of an artifical arsenic-contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 46(1), 31-3810.1016/S0045-6535(01)00094-7
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., 1979, Sequential o extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem., 51(7), 844-850
Tyler, L.D. and McBride, M.B., 1982, Mobility and extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in organic and mineral soil columns, Soil. Sci., 134(3), 198-20510.1097/00010694-198209000-00009
van Benschoten, J.E., Matsumoto, R.M., and Young, H.W., 1997, Evaluation and analysis of soil washing for seven lead contaminated soils, J. Environ. Eng., 123(3), 217-22410.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:3(217)
Yu, J. and Klarup, D., 1994, Extraction kinetics of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese from contaminated sediment using disodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate, Water. Air. Soil. Poll., 75(3-4), 205-22510.1007/BF00482938
Wasay, S.A., Barrington, S.F., and Tokunaga, S., 1998, Remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals using salts of organic acids and chelating agents, Environ. Technol., 19(4), 369-38010.1080/09593331908616692

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 13
No :2
Pages :44 ~ 53

[1] Davies, N.A., Hodson, M.E., and Black, S., 2003, Is the OECD accute worm toxicity test environmentally relavant? The effect of mineral form on calculated lead toxicity, Environ. Pollut., 121(1), 49-54

[2] Davis, A.P. and Singh, I., 1995, Washing of Zinc(II) from contaminated soil columns, J. Environ. Eng., 121(2), 174-18510.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1995)121:2(174)

[3] Furukawa, M. and Tokunaga, S., 2004, Extraction of heavy metals from a contaminated soil using citrate-enhancing extraction by pH control and ultrasound application, J. Environ. Sci. Health, PART A: Environ. Sci. Eng., 39(3), 627-638

[4] Ghestem, J.P. and Bermond, A., 1998, EDTA extractability of trace metals in polluted soils; A chemical-physical study, Environ. Technol., 19(4), 409-41610.1080/09593331908616696

[5] Kedziorok, M.A.M. and Boury, C.M.A., 1999, Solubilization of lead and cadmium during the percolation of EDTA through a soil polluted by smelting activities, J. Contamin. Hydrol., 40, 381-39210.1016/S0169-7722(99)00056-X

[6] Kim, C.S., Lee, Y.W., and Ong, S.K., 2003, Factors affecting EDTA extraction of lead from lead-contaminated soils, Chemosphere, 51(5), 845-85310.1016/S0045-6535(03)00155-3

[7] Kuo, S., Lai, M.S., and Lin, C.W., 2006, Influence of solution acidity and $CaCl_2$ concentration on the removal of heavy metals from metal-contaminated rice soils, Environ. Pollut., 144, 918- 92510.1016/j.envpol.2006.02.001

[8] Lim, T.T., Tay, J.H., and Wang, J.Y., 2004, Chelating-agentenhanced heavy metal extraction from a contaminated acidic soil, J. Environ. Eng., 130(1), 59-6610.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2004)130:1(59)

[9] Moutsatsou, A., Gregou, M., Matas, D., and Protonotarios, V., 2006, Washing as a remediation technology applicable in soils heavily polluted by mining-metallurgical activities, Chemosphere, 63, 1632-164010.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.10.015

[10] Palma, L.D. and Ferrantelli, P., 2005, Cooper leaching from a sandy soil: mechanisms and parameters affecting EDTA extraction, J. Hazard. Mater., 122, 85-9010.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.03.010

[11] Palma, L.D. and Mecozzi, R., 2007, Heavy metals mobilization from harbour sediments using EDTA and citric acid as chelating agents, J. Hazard. Mater., 147(3), 768-77510.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.072

[12] Peters, W.R., 1999, Chelatant extractant of heavy metals from contaminated soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 66, 151-21010.1016/S0304-3894(99)00010-2

[13] Semer, R. and Reddy, R.K., 1995, Evaluation of soil washing process to remove mixed contaminants from a sandy loam, J. Hazard. Mater., 45, 45-57

[14] Sun, B., Zhao, J.F., Lombi, E., and Mcgrath, P.S., 2001, Leaching of heavy metals contaminated soil using $Na_2EDTA$, Environ. Pollut., 113(2), 111-12010.1016/S0269-7491(00)00176-7

[15] Tokunaga, S. and Toshikatsu, H., 2002, Acid washing and stablization of an artifical arsenic-contaminated soil, Chemosphere, 46(1), 31-3810.1016/S0045-6535(01)00094-7

[16] Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C., and Bisson, M., 1979, Sequential o extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals, Anal. Chem., 51(7), 844-850

[17] Tyler, L.D. and McBride, M.B., 1982, Mobility and extractability of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc in organic and mineral soil columns, Soil. Sci., 134(3), 198-20510.1097/00010694-198209000-00009

[18] van Benschoten, J.E., Matsumoto, R.M., and Young, H.W., 1997, Evaluation and analysis of soil washing for seven lead contaminated soils, J. Environ. Eng., 123(3), 217-22410.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(1997)123:3(217)

[19] Yu, J. and Klarup, D., 1994, Extraction kinetics of copper, zinc, iron, and manganese from contaminated sediment using disodiumethylenediaminetetraacetate, Water. Air. Soil. Poll., 75(3-4), 205-22510.1007/BF00482938

[20] Wasay, S.A., Barrington, S.F., and Tokunaga, S., 1998, Remediation of soils polluted by heavy metals using salts of organic acids and chelating agents, Environ. Technol., 19(4), 369-38010.1080/09593331908616692

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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