All Issue

2023 Vol.28, Issue 1
Feasibility Evaluation for Remediation of Groundwater Contaminated with Heavy Metal using Calcium Polysulfide in Homogeneous media

균질한 매질 내 Calcium polysulfide 주입에 따른 고농도 중금속 오염 지하수 정화 타당성 검토

Hyeon Woo Go1
,
Jin Chul Joo2*
,
Kyoungphile Nam3
,
Hee Sun Moon4
,
Sung Hee Yoon3
,
Dong Hwi Lee1
,
So Ye Jang2
고현우 1
,
주진철 2*
,
남경필 3
,
문희선 4
,
윤성희 3
,
이동휘 1
,
장소예 2
1Department of Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University
2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanbat National University
3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University
4Groundwater Environment Research Center, Climate Change Response Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources
1한밭대학교 환경공학과
2한밭대학교 건설환경공학과
3서울대학교 건설환경공학부
4한국지질자원연구원 기후변화대응연구본부 지하수환경연구센터
*Corresponding Author
28 February 2023. pp. 1-14
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

In this study, column tests using relatively uniform Jumunjin sand media were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of calcium polysulfide (CaS x , CPS) in removing high concentration of Zn 2+ in groundwater. The injected CPS solution reacted rapidly with Zn 2+ in artificial groundwater and effectively reduced Zn 2+ by more than 99% through metal sulfide precipitation. Since the density ( d = 1.27 g/cm 3 ) of CPS solution was greater than that of water, CPS solution settled down rapidly while capturing Zn 2+ and formedstable CPS layer similar to dense nonaqueous phase liquid. Mass balance analysis on Zn 2+ in CPS solution suggested that CPS solution effectively reacted with Zn 2+ to form metal sulfide precipitates except for high groundwater seepage velocity of 400 cm/d. With greater groundwater seepage velocity, injected CPS did not completely dissolve at the CPS-water interface, but a partially-misible CPS layer continuously moved and reacted with Zn 2+ in the direction of groundwater flow. Since hydraulic conductivity ( K h ) decreased slightly due to the generated metal precipitates in the inter-pores of media, injection of CPS solution should be optimized to prevent clogging. As evidenced by both XRF and SEM/EDS results, ZnS precipitates were clearly observed through the reaction between the CPS solution and Zn 2+ . Further study is warranted to evaluate the feasibility of CPS to remove high-concentration heavy metal-contaminated groundwater in complex and heterogeneous media.

Keywords
Calcium polysulfide
Clogging
Column test
Heavy metal
Groundwater
Metal sulfide precipitation
References

References

1

Banks, D., Younger, P.L., Arnesen, R.T., Iversen, E.R., and Banks, S.B., 1997, Mine-water chemistry: the good, the bad and the ugly, Environ. Geology, 32(3), 157-174.

10.1007/s002540050204 
2

Borgwardt, R.H., Roache, N.F., and Bruce, K.R., 1984, Surface area of calcium oxide and kinetics of calcium sulfide formation, Environ. Prog.; (United States), 3(2).

3

Cheong, M.C., Jung, Y.W., and Min, J.S., 1998, Geochemical characteristics of mine wastes in abandoned mines in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Soil Groundw. Environ.,71-75.

4

Choi, H.M. and Lee, J.Y., 2009, Green remediation: choice for low CO2 emission in soil and groundwater remediation, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 14(1), 11-17.

5

Chrysochoou, M., Ferreira, D.R., and Johnston, C.P., 2010, Calcium polysulfide treatment of Cr (VI)-contaminated soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 179(1-3), 650-657.

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.03.052 
6

Dahlawi, S.M., and Siddiqui, S., 2017, Calcium polysulphide, its applications and emerging risk of environmental pollution-a review article, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 24(1), 92-102.

10.1007/s11356-016-7842-3 
7

Darcy, H., 1856, Les fontaines publiques de la ville de Dijon: Exposition et application des principes à suivre et des formules à employer dans les questions de distribution d'eau: Ouvrage terminé par un appendice relatif aux fournitures d'eau de plusieurs villes, au filtrage des eaux et à la fabrication des tuyaux de fonte, de plomb, de tôle et de bitumen, 2, V. Dalmont.

8

EFSA, 2010, Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance lime sulfur, J. EFSA, 8(11), 1890

10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1890 
9

Fruchter, J., 2002, Peer reviewed: In-situ treatment of chromium-contaminated groundwater, Environ. Science & Technology, 36(23), 464A-472A.

10.1021/es022466i 
10

Graham, M.C., Farmer, J.G., Anderson, P., Paterson, E., Hillier, S., Lumsdon, D.G., and Bewley, R.J., 2006, Calcium polysulfide remediation of hexavalent chromium contamination from chromite ore processing residue, Science of the Total Environ., 364(1-3), 32-44.

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.007 
11

Gun, J., Modestov, A.D., Kamyshny, A., Ryzkov, D., Gitis, V., Goifman, A., Lev, O., Hultsch, V., Grischeck, T., and Worch, E., 2004, Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of aqueous polysulfide solutions, Microchimica Acta, 146(3), 229-237.

10.1007/s00604-004-0179-5 
12

Hashim, M.A., Mukhopadhyay, S., Sahu, J.N., and Sengupta, B., 2011, Remediation technologies for heavy metal contaminated groundwater, J. Environ. Manag., 92(10), 2355-2388.

10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.009 
13

Huang, C.Y., Cheng, P.C., Chang, J.H., Wan, Y.C., Hong, X.M., and Cheng, S.F., 2021, Feasibility of remediation lead, nickel, zinc, copper, and cadmium-contaminated groundwater by calcium sulfide, Water, 13(16), 2266.

10.3390/w13162266 
14

Hu, S., Li, D., Man, Y., Wen, Y., and Huang, C., 2021, Evaluation of remediation of Cr (VI)-contaminated soils by calcium polysulfide: Long-term stabilization and mechanism studies, Sci. Total Environ., 790, 148140.

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148140 
15

Jacobs, J.A., 2001, In situ delivery methods for remediation of hexavalent chromium in soil and groundwater, Geotech. Geol. Eng., St Louis, MO, 5.

16

Ji, M.K., Yoon, H.S., Ji, E.D., Lee, W.R., Park, Y.T., Yang, J.S., Jeon, B.H., Shim, Y.S., Kang, M.H., and Choi, J.Y., 2010, Development of control technology for acid mine drainage by coating on the surface of pyrite using chemicals, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 15(4), 46-52.

17

Joo, J.C., Lee, D.H., Moon, H.S., Chang, S.W., Lee, S.H., Lee, E., and Nam, K., 2020, Sensitivity analysis of hydrodynamic and reaction parameters in gasoline transport conceptual aquifer model based on hydrogeological characteristics of Korea, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 25(1), 37-52.

10.7857/JSGE.2020.25.1.037
18

Joo, J.C., Shackelford, C.D., Reardon, K.F., and Lee, W.T., 2021, Electromagnetically-vibrated solid-phase microextraction for analysis of aqueous-miscible organic compound transport in soil columns, Chemosphere, 263, 127941.

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127941 
19

Jung, M.C., Jung, M.Y., 2006, Evaluation and management method of environmental contamination from abandoned metal mines in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 43(5), 383-394

20

Kamyshny, A., Gun, J., Rizkov, D., Voitsekovski, T., and Lev, O., 2007, Equilibrium distribution of polysulfide ions in aqueous solutions at different temperatures by rapid single phase derivatization, Environ. Sci. Technol, 41(7), 2395-2400.

10.1021/es062637+ 
21

Lee, J.U., 2010, In-situ immobilization of heavy metals in contaminated soil using microorganisms, J. Korean Soc. Geoenviron., 11(5), 39-48.

22

Lee, J.Y., Choi, J.C., Yi, M.J., Kim, J.W., Cheon, J.Y., Choi, Y.K., Choi, M.J., and Lee, K.K., 2005, Potential groundwater contamination with toxic metals in and around an abandoned Zn mine, Korea, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 165(1), 167-185.

10.1007/s11270-005-4637-4 
23

Lee, K.Y., Lee, Y.J., and Jang, S.S., 2004, Investigation of leakage in waste landfill by tracer test, J. Korean Soc. Geotechnical, 20(4), 49-56.

24

Lee, K.H., 2009, Analysis and characteristics of heavy metals in mines waste water, Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea, (92), 9-18.

25

Lee, S.W., Kim, J.J., Park, M.J., Lee, S.H., and Kim, S.O., 2015, Human risk assessment of arsenic and heavy metal contamination and estimation of remediation concentration within abandoned metal mine area, J. Miner. Soc. Korea, 28(4), 309-323.

10.9727/jmsk.2015.28.4.309 
26

Levchenko, L.M., Galitskii, A.A., Kosenko, V.V., and Sagidullin, A.K., 2015, Development of semi-industrial synthesis of calcium polysulfide solution and determination of the content of sulfide ions in solution, Russ. J. Appl. Chem., 88(9), 1403-1408.

10.1134/s1070427215090049 
27

Li, S., 2014, Innocuous treatment of wastewater containing mercury by polysulfide complex reactions (in Chinese), Focus Polyvinyl Chloride, 42(5), 39-43.

28

Ogata, A. and Banks, R.B., 1961, A solution of the differential equation of longitudinal dispersion in porous media: fluid movement in earth materials, US Government Printing Office.

10.3133/pp411a 
29

Park, D.H., Koo, M.H., and Kim, Y.C., 2015, Hydro-thermal numerical simulation for an artificial recharge test in a fractured rock aquifer, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 20(1), 65-75.

10.7857/jsge.2015.20.1.065 
30

Song, D.S., Lee, J.U., Ko, I.W., and Ki, K.W., 2007, Study on geochemical behavior of heavy metals by indigenous bacteria in contaminated soil and sediment, Econ. Environ. Geol., 40(5), 575-585.

31

Soya, K., Mihara, N., Kuchar, D., Kubota, M., Matsuda, H., and Fukuta, T., 2008, Selective sulfidation of copper, zinc and nickel in plating wastewater using calcium sulfide, J. Eng. Technol., 44, 356-360.

32

Storch, P., Messer, A., Palmer, D., and Pyrih, R., 2002, Pilot test for in situ geochemical fixation of chromium (VI) using calcium polysulfide, In Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds: pts 1a-2b, San Diego, CA, USA: Battelle Press.

33

Sevougian, S.D., Steefel, C.I., and Yabusaki, S.B., 1994, Enhancing the design of in situ chemical barriers with multicomponent reactive transport modeling, Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States).

34

Tomlin, C.D., 2009, The pesticide manual: a world compendium (No. Ed. 15), British Crop Production Council.

35

Tu, C., Guan, F., Sun, Y., Guo, P., Liu, Y., Li, L., Scheckel, K.G., and Luo, Y., 2018, Stabilizing effects on a Cd polluted coastal wetland soil using calcium polysulphide, Geoderma, 332, 190-197.

10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.07.013 
36

USDA, 2014, Technical Evaluation Report (Lime Sulfur), Pesticide Research Institute for the USDA National Organic Program, USDA, 1-15.

37

U.S. DOE, 2007, Internet ref. http://www.ibl.gov/ERSP

38

U.S. EPA, 1999, Field applications of in situ remediation technologies: Permeable reactive barriers, DIANE Publishing.

39

Verner, J.F., Ramsey, M.H., Helios-Rybicka, E., and Jêdrzejczyk, B., 1996, Heavy metal contamination of soils around a Pb-Zn smelter in Bukowno, Poland, Applied Geochemistry, 11(1-2), 11-16.

10.1016/0883-2927(95)00093-3 
40

Wang, Y.M., Chen, T.C., Yeh, K.J., and Shue, M.F., 2001, Stabilization of an elevated heavy metal contaminated site, J. Hazard. Mater., 88(1), 63-74.

10.1016/s0304-3894(01)00289-8 
41

Wu, Q., Wan, R., Li, Q., Mo, W., Liu, J., Zhao, C., and Peng, S., 2022, Transformation of chromium speciation during high hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil remediation by CPS and biostimulation, Agronomy, 12(4), 801.

10.3390/agronomy12040801 
42

Yahikozawa, K., Aratani, T., Ito, R., Sudo, T., and Yano, T., 1978, Kinetic studies on the lime sulfurated solution (calcium polysulfide) process for removal of heavy metals from wastewater, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn, 51(2), 613-617.

10.1246/bcsj.51.613 
43

Zhang, T., Wang, T., Wang, W., Liu, B., Li, W., and Liu, Y., 2020, Reduction and stabilization of Cr (VI) in soil by using calcium polysulfide: Catalysis of natural iron oxides, Environmental Research, 190, 109992.

10.1016/j.envres.2020.109992 
44

Zhong, L., Qafoku, N.P., Szecsody, J.E., Dresel, P.E., and Zhang, Z.F., 2009, Foam delivery of calcium polysulfide to the vadose zone for chromium (VI) immobilization: A laboratory evaluation, J. Vadose Zone, 8(4), 976-985.

10.2136/vzj2008.0124 
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
  • Volume : 28
  • No :1
  • Pages :1-14
  • Received Date : 2023-01-19
  • Revised Date : 2023-02-01
  • Accepted Date : 2023-02-09
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2023.28.1.001
Journal Informaiton Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Online Submission
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close