Nitrate Reduction by Fe(0)/iron Oxide Mineral Systems: A Comparative Study using Different Iron Oxides

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2014.19.1.063

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2014 Vol.19, Issue 1 Preview Page

Nitrate Reduction by Fe(0)/iron Oxide Mineral Systems: A Comparative Study using Different Iron Oxides 영가철과 여러 가지 산화철 조합공정을 이용한 질산성질소 환원에 관한 연구: 송호철;전병훈;조동완;
Song, Hocheol;Jeon, Byong-Hun;Cho, Dong-Wan;

28 February 2014. pp. 63 ~ 69

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Abstract

This paper presents the feasibility of using different iron oxides (microscale hematite (HT), microscale magnetite (MT), and nanoscale maghemite (NMH)) in enhancing nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron (Fe(0)) under two solution conditions (artificial acidic water and real groundwater). Addition of MT and NMH into Fe(0) system resulted in enhancement of nitrate reduction compared to Fe(0) along reaction, especially in groundwater condition, while HT had little effect on nitrate reduction in both solutions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis showed association of MT and NMH with Fe(0) surface, presumably due to magnetic attraction. The rate enhancement effect of the minerals is presumed to arise from its role as an electron mediator that facilitated electron transport from Fe(0) to nitrate. The greater enhancement of MT and NMH in groundwater was attributed to surface charge neutralization by calcium and magnesium ions in groundwater, which in turn facilitated adsorption of nitrate on Fe(0) surface.

Keywords

Zero valent iron (Fe(0));Iron oxide;Nitrate;Groundwater;Electron mediator;

References

Ahn, S.C., Oh, S.-Y., and Cha, D.K., 2008, Enhanced reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron at elevated temperatures, J. Hazard. Mater., 156, 17-22.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.104
Bae, S. and Lee, W., 2010, Inhibition of nZVI reactivity by magnetite during the reductive degradation of 1,1,1-TCA in nZVI/magnetite suspension, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 96, 10-17.10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.01.028
Burow, K.R., Nolan, B.T., Rupert, M.G., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2010, Nitrate in groundwater of the United States, 1991-2003, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4988-4997.10.1021/es100546y
Cho, D.-W., Chon, C.-M., Jeon, B.-H., Kim, Y., Khan, M.A., and Song, H., 2010, The role of clay minerals in the reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron, Chemosphere, 81, 611-616.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.005
Cho, D.-W., Abou-Shnab, R.A.I., Kim, Y., Jeon, B.H., and Song, H., 2011, Enhanced reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron with activated red mud, Geosys. Eng., 14, 65-70.10.1080/12269328.2011.10541332
Choe, S., Liljestrand, H.M., and Khim, J., 2004, Nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron under different pH regimes. Appl. Geochem., 19, 335-342.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.08.001
Fenton, O., Richards, K.G., Kirwan, L., Khalil, M.I., and Healy, M.G., 2009, Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland. J. Environ. Manage., 90, 3135-3146.10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.024
Ginner, J.L., Alvarez, P.J.J., Smith, S.L., and Scherer, M.M., 2004, Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction by $Fe^0$: Influence of Mass Transport, Temperature, and Denitrifying Microbes, Environ. Eng. Sci., 21, 219-229.10.1089/109287504773087381
Hamlin, H.J., 2006, Nitrate toxicity in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), Aquaculture, 253, 688-693.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.08.025
Hamlin, H.J., Moore, B.C., Edwards, T.M., Larkin, I.L.V., Boggs, A., High, W.J., Main, K.L., and Guillette Jr., L.J., 2008, Nitrate-induced elevations in circulating sex steroid concentrations in female Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) in commercial aquaculture, Aquaculture, 281, 118-125.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.030
Hansen, H.C.B., Guldberg, S., Erbs, M., and Bender Koch, C., 2001, Kinetics of nitrate reduction by green rusts-effects of interlayer anion and Fe(II): Fe(III) ratio, Appl. Clay Sci., 18, 81-91.10.1016/S0169-1317(00)00029-6
Huang, Y.H. and Zhang, T.C., 2005, Effects of dissolved oxygen on formation of corrosion products and concomitant oxygen and nitrate reduction in zero-valent iron systems with or without aqueous $Fe^{2+}$, Water Res., 39, 1751-1760.10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.002
Kite-Powell, A.C. and Harding, A.K., 2006, Nitrate contamination in Oregon well water: Geologic variability and the public's perception, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 42, 975-987.10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04508.x
Liao, C.-H., Kang, S.-F., and Hsu, Y.-W., 2003, Zero-valent iron reduction of nitrate in the presence of ultraviolet light, organic matter and hydrogen peroxide, Water Res., 37, 4109-4118.10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00248-3
Liu, T., Rao, P., and Lo, I.M.C., 2009, Influences of humic acid, bicarbonate and calcium on Cr(VI) reductive removal by zerovalent iron. Influences of humic acid, bicarbonate and calcium on Cr(VI) reductive removal by zero-valent iron, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 3407-3414.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.043
Lv, X., Xu, J., Jiang, G., Tang, J., and Xu, X., 2012, Highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-$Fe_3O_4$ nanocomposites for the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 369, 460-469.10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.049
Potapova, E., Yang, X., Grahn, M., Holmgren, A., Forsmo, S.P.E., Fredriksson, A., and Hedlund, J., 2011, The effect of calcium ions, sodium silicate and surfactant on charge and wettability of magnetite, Colloid. Surface. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 386, 79-86.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.06.029
Ruangchainikom, C., Liao, C.-H., Anotai, J., and Lee, M.-T., 2006, Effects of water characteristics on nitrate reduction by the $Fe^0/CO_2$ process, Chemosphere, 63, 335-343.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.049
Song, H., Jeon, B.-H., Chon, C.-M., Kim, Y., Nam, I.-H., Schwartz, F.W., and Cho, D.-W., 2013, The effect of granular ferric hydroxide amendment on the reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron, Chemosphere, 93, 2767-2773.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.033
Tang, C., Zhang, Z., and Sun, X., 2012, Effect of common ions on nitrate removal by zero valent iron from alkaline soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 231-232, 114-119.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.042
Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Tong, Y., and Xu, X., 2009, Chromium (VI) reduction in aqueous solutions by $Fe_3O_4$-stabilized $Fe^0$ nanoparticles, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 1640-1645.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.045
Xu, J., Hao, Z., Xie, C., Lv, X., Yang, Y., and Xu, X., 2012, Promotion effect of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe_3O_4$ on nitrate reduction using zerovalent iron, Desalination, 284, 9-13.10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.029
Xu, L.J. and Wang, J.L., 2013, Degradation of chlorophenols using a novel $Fe^0/CeO_2$ composite, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 142-143, 396-405.10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.05.065
Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., Hu, L., and Zheng, X., 2011, Enhanced removal of nitrate by a novel composite: Nanoscale zero valent iron supported on pillared clay, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 526-531.10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.022

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 19
No :1
Pages :63 ~ 69
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2014.19.1.063

[1] Ahn, S.C., Oh, S.-Y., and Cha, D.K., 2008, Enhanced reduction of nitrate by zero-valent iron at elevated temperatures, J. Hazard. Mater., 156, 17-22.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.11.104

[2] Bae, S. and Lee, W., 2010, Inhibition of nZVI reactivity by magnetite during the reductive degradation of 1,1,1-TCA in nZVI/magnetite suspension, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 96, 10-17.10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.01.028

[3] Burow, K.R., Nolan, B.T., Rupert, M.G., and Dubrovsky, N.M., 2010, Nitrate in groundwater of the United States, 1991-2003, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 4988-4997.10.1021/es100546y

[4] Cho, D.-W., Chon, C.-M., Jeon, B.-H., Kim, Y., Khan, M.A., and Song, H., 2010, The role of clay minerals in the reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron, Chemosphere, 81, 611-616.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.005

[5] Cho, D.-W., Abou-Shnab, R.A.I., Kim, Y., Jeon, B.H., and Song, H., 2011, Enhanced reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron with activated red mud, Geosys. Eng., 14, 65-70.10.1080/12269328.2011.10541332

[6] Choe, S., Liljestrand, H.M., and Khim, J., 2004, Nitrate reduction by zero-valent iron under different pH regimes. Appl. Geochem., 19, 335-342.10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.08.001

[7] Fenton, O., Richards, K.G., Kirwan, L., Khalil, M.I., and Healy, M.G., 2009, Factors affecting nitrate distribution in shallow groundwater under a beef farm in South Eastern Ireland. J. Environ. Manage., 90, 3135-3146.10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.05.024

[8] Ginner, J.L., Alvarez, P.J.J., Smith, S.L., and Scherer, M.M., 2004, Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction by $Fe^0$: Influence of Mass Transport, Temperature, and Denitrifying Microbes, Environ. Eng. Sci., 21, 219-229.10.1089/109287504773087381

[9] Hamlin, H.J., 2006, Nitrate toxicity in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), Aquaculture, 253, 688-693.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.08.025

[10] Hamlin, H.J., Moore, B.C., Edwards, T.M., Larkin, I.L.V., Boggs, A., High, W.J., Main, K.L., and Guillette Jr., L.J., 2008, Nitrate-induced elevations in circulating sex steroid concentrations in female Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri) in commercial aquaculture, Aquaculture, 281, 118-125.10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.030

[11] Hansen, H.C.B., Guldberg, S., Erbs, M., and Bender Koch, C., 2001, Kinetics of nitrate reduction by green rusts-effects of interlayer anion and Fe(II): Fe(III) ratio, Appl. Clay Sci., 18, 81-91.10.1016/S0169-1317(00)00029-6

[12] Huang, Y.H. and Zhang, T.C., 2005, Effects of dissolved oxygen on formation of corrosion products and concomitant oxygen and nitrate reduction in zero-valent iron systems with or without aqueous $Fe^{2+}$, Water Res., 39, 1751-1760.10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.002

[13] Kite-Powell, A.C. and Harding, A.K., 2006, Nitrate contamination in Oregon well water: Geologic variability and the public's perception, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 42, 975-987.10.1111/j.1752-1688.2006.tb04508.x

[14] Liao, C.-H., Kang, S.-F., and Hsu, Y.-W., 2003, Zero-valent iron reduction of nitrate in the presence of ultraviolet light, organic matter and hydrogen peroxide, Water Res., 37, 4109-4118.10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00248-3

[15] Liu, T., Rao, P., and Lo, I.M.C., 2009, Influences of humic acid, bicarbonate and calcium on Cr(VI) reductive removal by zerovalent iron. Influences of humic acid, bicarbonate and calcium on Cr(VI) reductive removal by zero-valent iron, Sci. Total Environ., 407, 3407-3414.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.043

[16] Lv, X., Xu, J., Jiang, G., Tang, J., and Xu, X., 2012, Highly active nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)-$Fe_3O_4$ nanocomposites for the removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 369, 460-469.10.1016/j.jcis.2011.11.049

[17] Potapova, E., Yang, X., Grahn, M., Holmgren, A., Forsmo, S.P.E., Fredriksson, A., and Hedlund, J., 2011, The effect of calcium ions, sodium silicate and surfactant on charge and wettability of magnetite, Colloid. Surface. A: Physicochem. Eng. Asp., 386, 79-86.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.06.029

[18] Ruangchainikom, C., Liao, C.-H., Anotai, J., and Lee, M.-T., 2006, Effects of water characteristics on nitrate reduction by the $Fe^0/CO_2$ process, Chemosphere, 63, 335-343.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.049

[19] Song, H., Jeon, B.-H., Chon, C.-M., Kim, Y., Nam, I.-H., Schwartz, F.W., and Cho, D.-W., 2013, The effect of granular ferric hydroxide amendment on the reduction of nitrate in groundwater by zero-valent iron, Chemosphere, 93, 2767-2773.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.033

[20] Tang, C., Zhang, Z., and Sun, X., 2012, Effect of common ions on nitrate removal by zero valent iron from alkaline soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 231-232, 114-119.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.06.042

[21] Wu, Y., Zhang, J., Tong, Y., and Xu, X., 2009, Chromium (VI) reduction in aqueous solutions by $Fe_3O_4$-stabilized $Fe^0$ nanoparticles, J. Hazard. Mater., 172, 1640-1645.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.045

[22] Xu, J., Hao, Z., Xie, C., Lv, X., Yang, Y., and Xu, X., 2012, Promotion effect of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe_3O_4$ on nitrate reduction using zerovalent iron, Desalination, 284, 9-13.10.1016/j.desal.2011.08.029

[23] Xu, L.J. and Wang, J.L., 2013, Degradation of chlorophenols using a novel $Fe^0/CeO_2$ composite, Appl. Catal. B: Environ., 142-143, 396-405.10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.05.065

[24] Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Li, J., Hu, L., and Zheng, X., 2011, Enhanced removal of nitrate by a novel composite: Nanoscale zero valent iron supported on pillared clay, Chem. Eng. J., 171, 526-531.10.1016/j.cej.2011.04.022

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