Reduction of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Mobility in Operational Range Soil by Sorption Enhancement and Desorption Decrease Using Monopotassium Phosphate and Montmorillonite

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2018.23.6.046

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2018 Vol.23, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Reduction of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Mobility in Operational Range Soil by Sorption Enhancement and Desorption Decrease Using Monopotassium Phosphate and Montmorillonite 제일인산칼륨과 몬트모릴로나이트 점토를 이용한 사격장 토양 내 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene의 흡착증진 및 탈착감소에 의한 이동성 저감 연구: 정재웅;유기현;남경필;
Jung, Jae-Woong;Yu, Gihyeon;Nam, Kyoungphile;

31 December 2018. pp. 46 ~ 53

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Abstract

Mobility reduction of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was tested by amending monopotassium phosphate (MKP) and montmorillonite to a firing range soil contaminated with TNT. While addition of MKP enhanced sorption of TNT on soil matrix, and combined use of MKP with montmorillonite significantly decreased desorption of TNT as well as remarkably increased the TNT sorption. Montmorillonite amendment by 5% of soil mass resulted in TNT desorption of 0.12 mg/kg from soil loaded with 9.93 mg/kg-TNT. The decrease of TNT desorption was proportional to the amount of montmorillonite amended. At 10 and 15% amendment, only 0.79 and 1.23 mg/kg-TNT was desorbed from 29.33 and 48.80 mg/kg-TNT. In addition, the leaching of TNT with synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) and hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) decreased, indicating that TNT in MKP/montmorillonite-treated soil became more stable and less leachable. The results demonstrate that addition of MKP and montmorillonite to TNT-contaminated soil reduces the mobility of TNT from soil not only by increasing TNT sorption, but also decreasing TNT desorption. It was found that MKP and montmorillonite amendments by 5 and 10% of soil mass, respectively, were optimal for reducing the mobility of soil TNT.

Keywords

6-Trinitrotoluene;Monopotassium phosphate;Montmorillonite;Desorption;

References

Boyd, S.A., Sheng, G., Teppen, B.J., and Johnston, C.T., 2001, Mechanisms for the adsorption of substituted nitrobenzenes by smectite clays, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4227-4234.10.1021/es010663w
Chen, B. and Hwang, W., 2009, Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite. J. Environ. Sci., 21, 1044-1052.10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62380-3
Haderlein, S.B., Weissmahr, K.W., and Schwarzenbach, R.P., 1996, Specific adsorption of nitroaromatic explosives and pesticides to clay minerals, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 612-622.10.1021/es9503701
Hatzinger, P.B., Fuller, M., Rungmakol, D., Schuster, R.L., and Steffan, R.J., 2004, Enhancing the attenuation of explosives in surface soils at military facilities: Sorption-desorption isotherms, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 306-312.10.1897/03-186
Im, S., Jung, J.-W., Jho, E.H., and Nam, K., 2015, Effect of soil conditions on natural attenuation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by UV photolysis in soils at an active firing range in South Korea, J. Soils Sediments, 15, 1455-1462.10.1007/s11368-015-1097-3
Jung, J.-W. and Nam, K., 2014, Mobility and bioavailability reduction of soil TNT via sorption enhancement using monopotassium phosphate, J. Hazard. Mater., 275, 26-30.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.045
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Kao, C.-M., Lin, B.-H., Chen, S.-C., Wei, S.-F., Chen, C.-C., Yao, C.-L. and Chien, C.-C., 2016, Biodegradation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by indigenous microorganisms from TNT-contaminated soil, and their application in TNT bioremediation, Bioremediat. J., 20, 165-173.10.1080/10889868.2016.1148007
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Larson, S.L., Davis, J.L., Martin, W.A., Felt, D.R., Nestler, C.C., Fabian, G., O'Connor, G., Zynda, G., and Johnson, B.-A., 2008, Grenade Range Management Using Lime for Dual Role of Metals Immobilization and Explosives Transformation, Field Demonstration at Fort Jackson, SC, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC, USA, ERDC/EL TR-08-24.
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Li, H., Pereira, T.R., Teppen, B.J., Laird, D.A., Johnston, C.T., and Boyd, S.A., 2007, Ionic Strength-Induced Formation of Smectite Quasicrystals Enhances Nitroaromatic Compound Sorption, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1251-1256.10.1021/es062274d
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Reid, B.J., Stokes, J.D., Jones, K.C., and Semple, K.T., 2000, Nonexhaustive Cyclodextrin-Based Extraction Technique for the Evaluation of PAH Bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3174-3179.10.1021/es990946c
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USEPA, 1994, SW-846 Test Method 1312: Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure.
USEPA, 2014, Technical Fact Sheet - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, USA, EPA-505-F-14-009.
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Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 23
No :6
Pages :46 ~ 53
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2018.23.6.046

[1] Boyd, S.A., Sheng, G., Teppen, B.J., and Johnston, C.T., 2001, Mechanisms for the adsorption of substituted nitrobenzenes by smectite clays, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 4227-4234.10.1021/es010663w

[2] Chen, B. and Hwang, W., 2009, Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite. J. Environ. Sci., 21, 1044-1052.10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62380-3

[3] Haderlein, S.B., Weissmahr, K.W., and Schwarzenbach, R.P., 1996, Specific adsorption of nitroaromatic explosives and pesticides to clay minerals, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 612-622.10.1021/es9503701

[4] Hatzinger, P.B., Fuller, M., Rungmakol, D., Schuster, R.L., and Steffan, R.J., 2004, Enhancing the attenuation of explosives in surface soils at military facilities: Sorption-desorption isotherms, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 23, 306-312.10.1897/03-186

[5] Im, S., Jung, J.-W., Jho, E.H., and Nam, K., 2015, Effect of soil conditions on natural attenuation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by UV photolysis in soils at an active firing range in South Korea, J. Soils Sediments, 15, 1455-1462.10.1007/s11368-015-1097-3

[6] Jung, J.-W. and Nam, K., 2014, Mobility and bioavailability reduction of soil TNT via sorption enhancement using monopotassium phosphate, J. Hazard. Mater., 275, 26-30.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.045

[7] Jung, J.-W., Moon, H., and Nam, K., 2015, An environmental management protocol for the mitigation of contaminants migration from military operational ranges, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 20, 8-18.

[8] Kao, C.-M., Lin, B.-H., Chen, S.-C., Wei, S.-F., Chen, C.-C., Yao, C.-L. and Chien, C.-C., 2016, Biodegradation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) by indigenous microorganisms from TNT-contaminated soil, and their application in TNT bioremediation, Bioremediat. J., 20, 165-173.10.1080/10889868.2016.1148007

[9] Keiluweit, M. and Kleber, M., 2009, Molecular-Level Interactions in Soils and Sediments: The Role of Aromatic ${\pi}$-Systems, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 3421-3429.10.1021/es8033044

[10] Kuperman, R.G., Checkai, R.T., Simini, M., Phillips, C.T., Kolakowski, J.E., and Kurnas, C.W., 2005, Weathering and aging of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil increases toxicity to potworm Enchytraeus crypticus, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 24, 2509-2518.10.1897/04-513R.1

[11] Larson, S.L., Davis, J.L., Martin, W.A., Felt, D.R., Nestler, C.C., Fabian, G., O'Connor, G., Zynda, G., and Johnson, B.-A., 2008, Grenade Range Management Using Lime for Dual Role of Metals Immobilization and Explosives Transformation, Field Demonstration at Fort Jackson, SC, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC, USA, ERDC/EL TR-08-24.

[12] Lee, I., Baek, K., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kwon, Y., Chang, Y., and Bae, B., 2007, Phytoremediation of soil co-contaminated with heavy metals and TNT using four plant species, J. Environ. Sci. Health A Tox. Hazard Subst. Environ. Eng., 42, 2039-2045.10.1080/10934520701629781

[13] Li, H., Teppen, B.J., Johnston, C.T., and Boyd, S.A., 2004, Thermodynamics of Nitroaromatic Compound Adsorption from Water, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5433-5442.10.1021/es035054y

[14] Li, H., Pereira, T.R., Teppen, B.J., Laird, D.A., Johnston, C.T., and Boyd, S.A., 2007, Ionic Strength-Induced Formation of Smectite Quasicrystals Enhances Nitroaromatic Compound Sorption, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1251-1256.10.1021/es062274d

[15] Liu, P., Zhu, D., Zhang, H., Shi, X., Sun, H., and Dang, F., 2008, Sorption of polar and nonpolar aromatic compounds to four surface soils of eastern China, Environ. Pollut., 156, 1053-1060.10.1016/j.envpol.2008.04.020

[16] Liu, C., Li, H., Teppen, B.J., Johnston, C.T., and Boyd, S.A., 2009, Mechanisms Associated with the High Adsorption of Dibenzo-p-dioxin from Water by Smectite Clays, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 2777-2783.10.1021/es802381z

[17] Reid, B.J., Stokes, J.D., Jones, K.C., and Semple, K.T., 2000, Nonexhaustive Cyclodextrin-Based Extraction Technique for the Evaluation of PAH Bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 3174-3179.10.1021/es990946c

[18] Shi, X., Ji, L., and Zhu, D., 2010, Investigating roles of organic and inorganic soil components in sorption of polar and nonpolar aromatic compounds. Environ. Pollut., 158, 319-324.10.1016/j.envpol.2009.06.036

[19] USEPA, 1994, SW-846 Test Method 1312: Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure.

[20] USEPA, 2014, Technical Fact Sheet - 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, DC, USA, EPA-505-F-14-009.

[21] Zhang, D., Zhu, D., and Chen, W., 2009, Sorption of nitroaromatics to soils: Comparison of the importance of soil organic matter versus clay, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 28, 1447-1454.10.1897/08-406.1

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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