All Issue

2017 Vol.22, Issue 6 Preview Page
Estimating of the Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Function of Water Resources Conservation through Conservation of Surface Soils Erosion and Policy Suggestion

표토유실 보전을 통한 온실가스배출 저감과 수자원 보전 기능의 산출 및 정책제안

오승민;김혁수;이상필;이종건;정석순;임경재;김성철;박윤식;이기하;황상일;양재의;

Oh, Seung-Min;Kim, Hyuck Soo;Lee, Sang-Pil;Lee, Jong Geon;Jeong, Seok Soon;Lim, Kyung Jae;Kim, Sung-Chul;Park, Youn Shik;Lee, Giha;Hwang, Sang-Il;Yang, Jae-E;

31 December 2017. pp. 74 ~ 84
PDF Citation
Abstract
Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.
Keywords
Surface soil;Erosion;Climate change;Carbon budget;Water resource;

References
  1. AIRI, 2013, Analysis of Non-point Pollution Source for Improvement of Water Quality, Audit Result Report, Audit and Inspection Research Institute, Korea.
  2. Beyer, L., Frund, R., SchleuB, U., and Wachendorf, C., 1993, Colluvisols under cultivation in Schleswig-Holstein. 2. Carbon distribution and soil organic matter composition, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 156(3), 213-217.
  3. Bouma, J., 2014, Soil science contributions towards Sustainable Development Goals and their implementation: linking soil functions with ecosystem services, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 177, 111-120.10.1002/jpln.201300646
  4. Chappell, A., Baldock, J., and Sanderman, J., 2015, The global significance of omitting soil erosion from soil organic carbon cycling schemes, Nat. Clim. Change, 6(2), 187-191.
  5. Cho, Y.C., Jin, S.J., Han, H.J., Ryu, M.H. and Yoo, S.H., 2016, Estimailn of the Aesthetic and Environmental Costs of Algal Bloom, Kor. Environ. Pol. Admin. Soc., 24(4), 227-246.
  6. De Rose, R.C., 2013, Slope control on the frequency distribution of shallow landslides and associated soil properties, North Island, New Zealand, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 38, 356-371.10.1002/esp.3283
  7. European Commission, 2006, Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Establishing a Framework for the Protection of Soil and Amending Directive 2004/35/EC. Brussels, 22-9-2006. COM (2006)232 final.
  8. FAO, IIASA, ISRIC, ISS-CAS, JRC, 2009, Harmonized World Soil Database v1.1. FAO, Rome, Italy and IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.
  9. FAO, 2017, Soil Organic Carbon: the Hidden Potential.
  10. Hong, S.Y., Minasny, B., Zhang, Y., Kim, Y., and Jung, K., 2010, Digital soil mapping using legacy soil data in Korea. Proceeding of 19th World Congress of Soil Science, Soil Solutions for a Changing World, World Congress of Soil Science, Brisbane, Australia, p. 1-6.
  11. Hoyle, F.C., Baldock, J.A., and Murphy, D.V., 2011, Soil organic carbon-role in rainfed farming systems. In: Rainfed Farming Systems, Springer, Netherlands, p. 339-361)
  12. Huang, J., Yu, H., Guan, X., Wang, G., and Guo, R., 2016, Accelerated dryland expansion under climate change, Nature Clim. Change, 6(2), 166-171.10.1038/nclimate2837
  13. IPCC, 2014, Climate Change: Synthesis Report; Summary for Policymakers.
  14. Jacinthe, P.A., and Lal, R., 2001, A mass balance approach to assess carbon dioxide evolution during erosional events. Land Degrad. Dev., 12(4), 329-339.10.1002/ldr.454
  15. Jung Y.S. and Ha S.K., 2013, Soil Science, Kangwon National University, Korea
  16. KECO, 2012, Algae Reduction Technology for Improvement Water Ecological Stability. Korea Environment Corporation, Korea.
  17. Keesstra S.D., V. Geissen, K. Mosse, S. Piiranen, E. Scudiero, M. Leistra and van Schaik L., 2012, Soil as a filter for groundwater quality, Environ. Sustain., 4(5), 507-516.
  18. KEI, 2007, Building the Environmental Valuation $System{\bullet}{\times}$, Korea Environment Institute, Korea.
  19. KEI, 2013, Research on Mid-long-term Policy Plan for Building National Water Security, Korea Envionment Istitute, Korea.
  20. Kim, J.H., Kim, K.T. and Lee, H.J., 2009, Analysis of Korea soil erosion yields and soil loss hazard zone, J. GIS Assoc. Korea, 17, 261-268.
  21. Kirkels, F.M.S.A., Cammeraat, L.H., and Kuhn, N.J., 2014, The fate of soil organic carbon upon erosion, transport and deposition in agricultural landscapes-a review of different concepts, Geomorphology, 226, 94-105.10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.07.023
  22. Koch, A., McBratney, A., Adams, M., Field, D., Hill, R., Crawford, J., Minasny, B., Lal, R., Abbott, L., O'Donnell, A., Angers, D., Baldock, J., Barbier, E., Binkley, D., Parton, W., Wall, D.H., Bird, M., Bouma, J., Chenu, C., Flora, C.B., Goulding, K., Grunwald, S., Hwmpel, J., Jastrow, J., Lehmann, J., Lorenz, K., Morgan, C.L., Rice, C.W., Whitehead, D., Young, I., and Zimmermann, M., 2013, Soil security: solving the global soil crisis, Global Policy, 4(4), 434-441.10.1111/1758-5899.12096
  23. Lal, R., 1995, Global soil erosion by water and carbon dynamics. In: Lal, R., Kimble, J.M., Levine, E., Stewart, B.A., (ed.), Soils and Global Change, CRC/Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, p. 131-141.
  24. Lal, R., 2003, Soil erosion and the global carbon budget, Environ. Int., 29, 437-450.10.1016/S0160-4120(02)00192-7
  25. Lal, R., 2004, Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security, Science, 304(5677), 1623-1627.10.1126/science.1097396
  26. Lal, R., 2005, Soil erosion and carbon dynamics, Soil Till. Res., 81(2), 137-142.10.1016/j.still.2004.09.002
  27. Lal, R., 2006, Influence of soil erosion on carbon dynamics in the world, In: Roose, E.J., Lal, R., Feller, C., Barthes, B., Stewart, B.A. (ed.), Advances in Soil Science: Soil Erosion and Carbon Dynamics, Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, p. 23-36.
  28. Lal, R., Pimentel, D., 2008, Soil erosion: a carbon sink or source?, Science, 319(5866), 1040-1042.10.1126/science.319.5866.1040
  29. McBratney, A., Field, D.J., and Koch, A., 2014, The dimensions of soil security, Geoderma, 213, 203-213.10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.013
  30. MCT, 2006, Long-term Comprehensive Plan for Water Resources (2006-2020), Ministry of Construction & Transportation, Korea.
  31. Minasny, B., Malone, B.P., McBratney, A.B., Angers, D.A., Arrouays, D., Chambers, A., Chaplot, V., Chen, Z., S., Cheng, K., Das, B.S., Field, D.J., Gimona, A., Hedley, C.B., Hong, S.Y., Mandal, B., Marchant, B.P., Martin, M., McConkey, B.G., Mulder, V.L., O'Rourke, S., Richer-de-Forges, A.C., Odeh, I., Padarian, J., Paustian, K., Pan, G., Poggio, L., Savin, I., Stolbovoy, V., Stockmann, U., Sulaeman, Y., Tsui, C.C., Vagen, T.G., van Wesemael, B., and Winowiecki, L., 2017, Soil carbon 4 per mille, Geoderma, 292, 59-86.10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.01.002
  32. MLIT (Ministry of Land Infrastructure and Transport) and Kwater, 2016, Water for the Future, Water and Jobs, Korea
  33. MOE, 2013, A Study on Policy Direction Setting by Change of Water Environment Management Condition, Ministry of Environment, Korea.
  34. MOE, 2014, Monitoring and Evaluation Project of Nonpoint Source Controlled Area Nearby Doam Lake, Ministry of Environment, Korea.
  35. MOE, 2015, Notification of the Topsoil Preliminary Investigation, Ministry of Environment, Korea.
  36. Mora, J.L., Guerra, J.A., Armas, C.M., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, A., Arbelo, C.D., and Notario, J.S., 2007, Mineralization rate of eroded organic C in Andosols of the Canary Islands, Sci. total environ., 378(1), 143-146.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.01.040
  37. Navarro, A.F., Cegarra, J., Roig, A., and Garcia, D., 1993, Relationships between organic matter and carbon contents of organic wastes, Biores. Technol., 44(3), 203-207.10.1016/0960-8524(93)90153-3
  38. Nearing, M.A., Pruski, F.F., and O'neal, M.R., 2004, Expected climate change impacts on soil erosion rates: a review, J. Soil Water Conserve., 59(1), 43-50.
  39. Novara, A., Keesstra, S., Cerda, A., Pereira, P., and Gristina, L., 2016, Understanding the role of soil erosion on $co_2$-c loss using $^{13}c$ isotopic signatures in abandoned Mediterranean agricultural land, Sci. Total Environ., 550, 330-336.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.095
  40. Nycle C. B. and Ray R.W., 2010, Elements of the Nature and Properties of Soils, 3rd, Pearson College Div, Korea.
  41. OECD, 2008, Environmental performance of agriculture in OECD countires since 1990.
  42. Oh, Y.J., Kim, M.H. Na, Y.E. Hong, S.H., Paik, W.K. and Yoon, S.T., 2012, Vulnerability assessment of soil loss in farm area to climate change adaption, Kor. J. Soil Sci. Fer. 45(5), 711-716.10.7745/KJSSF.2012.45.5.711
  43. Oskarsson, H., Arnalds, O., Gudmundsson, J., and Gudbergsson, G., 2004, Organic carbon in Icelandic Andosols: geographical variation and impact of erosion, Catena, 56, 225-238.10.1016/j.catena.2003.10.013
  44. Schlesinger, W.H., 1995, Soil respiration and changes in soil carbon stocks, In: Woodwell, G.M., Mackenzie, F.T. (ed.), Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System: Will the Warming Feed the Warming, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 159-168.
  45. Smith, S.V., Renwick,W.H., Buddemeier, R.W., and Crossland, C.J., 2001, Budgets of soil erosion and deposition for sediments and sedimentary organic carbon across the conterminous United States, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 697-707.10.1029/2000GB001341
  46. Song, K.Y. and Kang, H.J., 2006, Construction and application of artificial wetlands for water purification, Kor. Geo-Environ. Soc., 7(1), 6-10.
  47. Stallard, R.F., 1998, Terrestrial sedimentation and the carbon cycle: coupling weathering and erosion to carbon burial, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 12(2), 231-257.10.1029/98GB00741
  48. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2007, Global Environmental Outlook GEO4 - Environment for Development.
  49. Van Oost, K., Quine, T.A., Govers, G., De Gryze, S., Six, J., Harden, J.W., Ritchie, J.C., McCarty, G.W., Heckrath, G., Kosmas, C., Giraldez, J.V., Marques da Silva, J.R., and Merckx, R., 2007, The impact of agricultural soil erosion on the global carbon cycle, Science, 318(5850), 626-629.10.1126/science.1145724
  50. Wang, X., Cammeraat, E.L.H., Romeijn, P., and Kalbitz, K., 2014, Soil organic carbon redistribution by water erosion - The role of $CO_2$ emissions for the carbon budget, PLOS ONE, 9(5), e96299.10.1371/journal.pone.0096299
Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
  • Volume : 22
  • No :6
  • Pages :74 ~ 84
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2017.22.6.074
Journal Informaiton Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Online Submission
  • KOFST
  • KISTI Current Status
  • KISTI Cited-by
  • orcid
  • open access
  • ccl
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close