Study on the Soil Sample Number of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Fractionation for Risk Assessment in Contaminated Site

Inhyeong Jeon; Sang Hyun Kim; Hyeonyong   Chung; Buyun   Jeong; Hoe-Jung   Noh; Hyun-Koo   Kim; Kyoungphile   Nam

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2019.24.5.011

All Issue

2019 Vol.24, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Study on the Soil Sample Number of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Fractionation for Risk Assessment in Contaminated Site 석유계총탄화수소의 위해성평가 시 적정 분획 시료수 결정에 대한 고찰

31 October 2019. pp. 11-16

PDF XML

Abstract

In this study, a reliable number of soil samples for TPH fractionation was investigated in order to perform risk assessment. TPH was fractionated into volatile petroleum hydrocarbons (VPH) with three subgroups and extractable petroleum hydrocarbons (EPH) with four subgroups. At the study site, concentrations of each fraction were determined at 18 sampling points, and the 95% upper confidence limit (UCL) value was used as an exposure concentration of each fraction. And then, 5 sampling points were randomly selected out of the 18 points, and an exposure concentration was calculated. This process was repeated 30 times, and the results were compared statistically. Exposure concentrations of EPH obtained from 18 points were 99.9, 339.1, 27.3, and 85.9 mg/kg for aliphatic C ₉ -C ₁₈ , C ₁₉ -C ₃₆ , C ₃₇ -C ₄₀ , and aromatic C ₁₁ -C ₂₂ , respectively. The corresponding exposure concentrations obtained from 5 points were 139.8, 462.8, 35.1 and 119.4 mg/kg, which were significantly higher than those from 18 points results ( p <0.05). Our results suggest that limited number of samples for TPH fractionation may bias estimation of exposure concentration of TPH fractions. Also, it is recommended that more than 30 samples need to be analyzed for TPH fractionation in performing risk assessment.

Keywords

Risk assessment

Exposure concentration

TPH fractionation

TPH EPH

TPH VPH

References

References

Brewer, R., Nagashima, J., Kelley, M., Heskett, M., and Rigby, M., 2013, Risk-based evaluation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in vapor intrusion studies. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 10(6), 2441-2467.

10.3390/ijerph10062441

Edwards, D. A., Andriot, M. D., Amoruso, M. A., Tummey, A. C., Bevan, C. J., Tveit, A., Hayes, L. A., Youngren, S. H., and Nakles, D. V., 1997, Development of Fraction Specific Reference Doses (RfDs) and Reference Concentration (RfCs) for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH), Amherst Scientific Publishers, MA.

Hogg, R. V., Tanis, E. A., and Zimmerman, D. L., 1977, Probability and Statistical Inference (Vol. 993), Macmillan, NY.

KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment), 2018a, Official test methods of soil quality, 2018-53, Seoul, Korea.

KMOE (Korea Ministry of Environment), 2018b, Guidelines for risk assessment of soil contaminants, 2018-61, Seoul, Korea.

MDEP (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection), 2003, Updated petroleum hydrocarbon fraction toxicity values for VPH/EPH/APH methodology, MA.

NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), 2012, Study on expansion of soil risk assessment, Korea Ministry of Environment, Seoul, Korea.

NIER (National Institute of Environmental Research), 2011, Development of soil risk assessment model, Korea Ministry of Environment, Seoul, Korea.

Potter, T. L., and Simmons, K. E., 1998, Composition of petroleum mixtures (Vol. 2), Amherst Scientific Publishers, MA.

Todd, G. D., Chessin, R. L., and Colman, J., 1999, Toxicological profile for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.

Washington Department of Ecology, 2016, Guidance for remediation of petroleum contaminated sites, No. 10-09-057, WA.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 24
No :5
Pages :11-16
Received Date : 2019-08-22
Revised Date : 2019-08-27
Accepted Date : 2019-09-24
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2019.24.5.011

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

All Issue

References