Comparison of Subsampling Error Associated with Analysis of Explosive Compounds in Soil

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2017.22.6.057

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2017 Vol.22, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Comparison of Subsampling Error Associated with Analysis of Explosive Compounds in Soil 화약물질 오염토양의 부시료 제조방법에 따른 오차 비교: 배범한;
Bae, Bumhan;

31 December 2017. pp. 57 ~ 65

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Abstract

Six soil subsampling methods were evaluated with explosive compounds-contaminated soils to quantify the variance associated with each method. The methods include modified grab sampling, simplified ripple splitting, fractional shoveling, coning & quatering, degenerate fractional shoveling, and rolling & quatering. All the methods resulted in significantly lower CV (coefficient of variation) of 1~5%, compared to common grab sampling that gave 8~98% of CV, possibly due to the reduction of grouping and segregation errors described by Gy sampling theory. Among the methods, simplified ripple splitting tends to result in lower explosive compounds concentrations, while the rolling & quatering gave the opposite result. Fractional shoveling method showed the least variance and the highest reproducibility in the analysis.

Keywords

Analysis;Explosive compounds;Soil splitting;Subsampling;UPLC;

References

Cho, J.H., Bae, B., and Kim, K.H., 2009, Optimization of analytical conditions for the quantification of explosive compounds in soil using HPLC, J. Soil & Groundwater Env. 14(1), 51-60.
Gerlach, R.W., Dobb, D.E., Raab, G.A., and Nocerino, J.M., 2002, Gy sampling theory in environmental studies 1. Assessing soil splitting protocols, J. Chemometr., 16, 321-328.10.1002/cem.705
Gerlach, R.W., Nocerino, J.M., Ramsey, C.A., and Venner, B.C., 2003, Gy sampling theory in environmental studies 2. Subsampling error estimates, Anal. Chim. Acta, 490, 159-168.10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00568-3
Gy, P.M. 1982, Sampling of particulates-Theory and practice, 2nd Ed., Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Narizzano, R., Risso, F., Innocenti, R., Mollica, V., and Tortarolo, B., 2008, Soil subsampling in environmental sciences: the role of granulometry, J. Environ. Monitor., 10, 993-997.10.1039/b806522p
Nocerino, J.M., Schumacher, B.A., and Dary, C.C., 2005, Role of laboratory sampling devices and laboratory subsampling methods in representative sampling strategies. Environ. Forensics, 6, 35-44.10.1080/15275920590913903
Rasemann, W., 2000, Industrial Waste Dumps, Sampling and Analysis. In: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (Meyers, R.A., Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
Schumacher, B.A., Shine, K.C., Burton, J.V., and Papp, M.L., 1990, Comparison of three methods for soil homogenization, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54, 1187-1190.10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040046x
Song, X. and Li, F., 2009, Dependence of particle size and size distribution on mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, Defence Sci. J., 59(1), 37-42.10.14429/dsj.59.1482
Taylor, S., Lever, J., Walsh, M., Fadden, J., Perron, N., Bigl, S., Spanggord, R., Curnow, M., and Packer, B., 2010, Dissolution Rate, Weathering Mechanics, and Friability of TNT, Comp B, Tritonal, and Octol, US Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC/CRREL TR-10-2.
US EPA, 2003, Guidance for Obtaining Representative Laboratory Analytical Subsamples from Particulate Laboratory Samples, Gerlach, R.W., and Nocerino, J.M., EPA/600/R-03/027.
Walsh, M.E., Ramsey, C.A., and Jenkins, T.F., 2002, The effect of particle size reduction by grinding on subsampling variance for explosives residues in soil, Chemosphere, 49, 1267-1273.10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00528-3
Walsh, M.E., Ramsey, C.A., Taylor, S., Hewitt, A.D., Bjella, K., and Collins, C.M., 2007, Subsampling variance for 2,4-DNT in firing point soils, Soil Sediment Contam., 16(5), 459-472.10.1080/15320380701490259
Walsh, M.R., Walsh, M.E., Gagnon, K., Hewitt, A.D., and Jenkins, T.F., 2014, Subsampling of soils containing energetic residues, Soil Sediment Contam., 23, 452-463.10.1080/15320383.2014.838208
Zhang, J. and Zhang, C., 2012, Sampling and sampling strategies for environmental analysis, Int. J. Environ. An. Ch., 92(4), 466-478.10.1080/03067319.2011.581371
Zhou, J., Zhao, J., Yuan, H., Meng, Y., Li, Y., Wu, L., and Xue, X., 2007, Comparison of UPLC and HPLC for determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in royal jelly by ultrasound- assissted extraction with internal standard, Chroma., 66, 185-190.10.1365/s10337-007-0305-8

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 22
No :6
Pages :57 ~ 65
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2017.22.6.057

[1] Cho, J.H., Bae, B., and Kim, K.H., 2009, Optimization of analytical conditions for the quantification of explosive compounds in soil using HPLC, J. Soil & Groundwater Env. 14(1), 51-60.

[2] Gerlach, R.W., Dobb, D.E., Raab, G.A., and Nocerino, J.M., 2002, Gy sampling theory in environmental studies 1. Assessing soil splitting protocols, J. Chemometr., 16, 321-328.10.1002/cem.705

[3] Gerlach, R.W., Nocerino, J.M., Ramsey, C.A., and Venner, B.C., 2003, Gy sampling theory in environmental studies 2. Subsampling error estimates, Anal. Chim. Acta, 490, 159-168.10.1016/S0003-2670(03)00568-3

[4] Gy, P.M. 1982, Sampling of particulates-Theory and practice, 2nd Ed., Amsterdam, Elsevier.

[5] Narizzano, R., Risso, F., Innocenti, R., Mollica, V., and Tortarolo, B., 2008, Soil subsampling in environmental sciences: the role of granulometry, J. Environ. Monitor., 10, 993-997.10.1039/b806522p

[6] Nocerino, J.M., Schumacher, B.A., and Dary, C.C., 2005, Role of laboratory sampling devices and laboratory subsampling methods in representative sampling strategies. Environ. Forensics, 6, 35-44.10.1080/15275920590913903

[7] Rasemann, W., 2000, Industrial Waste Dumps, Sampling and Analysis. In: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (Meyers, R.A., Ed.), John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Hoboken, NJ, USA.

[8] Schumacher, B.A., Shine, K.C., Burton, J.V., and Papp, M.L., 1990, Comparison of three methods for soil homogenization, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 54, 1187-1190.10.2136/sssaj1990.03615995005400040046x

[9] Song, X. and Li, F., 2009, Dependence of particle size and size distribution on mechanical sensitivity and thermal stability of hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, Defence Sci. J., 59(1), 37-42.10.14429/dsj.59.1482

[10] Taylor, S., Lever, J., Walsh, M., Fadden, J., Perron, N., Bigl, S., Spanggord, R., Curnow, M., and Packer, B., 2010, Dissolution Rate, Weathering Mechanics, and Friability of TNT, Comp B, Tritonal, and Octol, US Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC/CRREL TR-10-2.

[11] US EPA, 2003, Guidance for Obtaining Representative Laboratory Analytical Subsamples from Particulate Laboratory Samples, Gerlach, R.W., and Nocerino, J.M., EPA/600/R-03/027.

[12] Walsh, M.E., Ramsey, C.A., and Jenkins, T.F., 2002, The effect of particle size reduction by grinding on subsampling variance for explosives residues in soil, Chemosphere, 49, 1267-1273.10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00528-3

[13] Walsh, M.E., Ramsey, C.A., Taylor, S., Hewitt, A.D., Bjella, K., and Collins, C.M., 2007, Subsampling variance for 2,4-DNT in firing point soils, Soil Sediment Contam., 16(5), 459-472.10.1080/15320380701490259

[14] Walsh, M.R., Walsh, M.E., Gagnon, K., Hewitt, A.D., and Jenkins, T.F., 2014, Subsampling of soils containing energetic residues, Soil Sediment Contam., 23, 452-463.10.1080/15320383.2014.838208

[15] Zhang, J. and Zhang, C., 2012, Sampling and sampling strategies for environmental analysis, Int. J. Environ. An. Ch., 92(4), 466-478.10.1080/03067319.2011.581371

[16] Zhou, J., Zhao, J., Yuan, H., Meng, Y., Li, Y., Wu, L., and Xue, X., 2007, Comparison of UPLC and HPLC for determination of trans-10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid content in royal jelly by ultrasound- assissted extraction with internal standard, Chroma., 66, 185-190.10.1365/s10337-007-0305-8

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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