Study on Gross-alpha Characteristics of Groundwater for Drinking in Korea

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2011.16.5.067

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2011 Vol.16, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Study on Gross-alpha Characteristics of Groundwater for Drinking in Korea 국내 음용지하수중 전알파 특성 연구: 정도환;이영준;주병규;노회정;유순주;김문수;
Jeong, Do-Hwan;Lee, Young-Joon;Ju, Byoung-Kyu;Noh, Hoe-Jung;Yu, Soon-Ju;Kim, Moon-Su;

31 October 2011. pp. 67 ~ 73

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Abstract

Groundwaters were sampled from 730 wells being used for drinking purposes during 2007-2009. These samples were analysed using a gas-flow type GPC (Gas Proportional Counter) according to the USEPA method (900.0). We obtained a gross-alpha counting TDS (total dissolved solid) efficiency curve (Y = 0.0017X2 - 0.3122X + 19.165, X = TDS, Y = efficiency, $R^2$ = 0.9734) using natural uranium standard to get gross ${\alpha}$ value of the samples. The gross alpha values ranged from MDA (minimum detectable activity) to 14.88 pCi/L and 429 samples showed values higher than MDA (< 0.9 pCi/L). Correlations of the uranium values with the total alpha values and the gross-alpha values indicate that uranium values have high impacts on gross-alpha values. Groundwater samples of study areas were classified into four regions according to the rock types; plutonic (granite) rock region (427 areas), metamorphic rock region (181 aeras), sedimentary rock region (70 areas), volcanic rock region (52 areas). Groundwater of Cretaceous granite presented the highest gross-alpha value. Gross alpha in groundwaters showed no relationship with uranium in terms of the geological ages, rocks and minerals.

Keywords

Gross alpha;GPC;TDS efficiency curve;Groundwater;Geological age;

References

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김태승, 박종겸, 엄익춘, 윤정기, 정도환, 강기철, 윤대근, 권지철, 2007, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태 조사(I), 국립환경과학원, p. 155.
노회정, 김태승, 박종겸, 윤정기, 김문수, 정일록, 정도환, 주병규, 전상호, 심영은, 백용욱, 2008, 지하수 중 자연방사성물질 함유실태 조사(II), 국립환경과학원, p. 195.
성익환, 김대업, 우형주, 조병욱, 박중권, 이한영, 정강섭, 윤윤열, 조수영, 이용주, 이병대, 김통권, 김경수, 추창오, 신동천, 1999, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태에 관한 조사연구(I), 국립환경과학원, p. 338.
성익환, 조병욱, 김대업, 김건한, 박덕원, 박중권, 윤윤열, 이봉주, 이병대, 이종철, 임현철, 정강섭, 조수영, 홍영국, 장우석, 양재하, 신동천, 한인섭, 2002, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태에 관한 조사연구(IV), 국립환경과학원, p. 357.
조병욱, 김건한, 김연기, 성익환, 안주성, 윤욱, 윤윤열, 이길용, 이병대, 이홍진, 임현철, 조수영, 홍영국, 2006, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태 조사, 국립환경과학원, p. 200.
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한국지질자원연구원, 1:250,000 한국지질도.
Arvela, H., Blomqvist, L., and Mustonen, R., 1979, In Situ External Environmental Gamma Ray measurements, In: Studies on Environmental Radioactivity in Finland 1976-1977, Report STL-A 26, Helsinki; Institute of Radiation Protection.
Currie, L. A., 1968, Limits for Qualitative Detection and Quantitative Determination, Anal. Chem., 40, 586-593.10.1021/ac60259a007
Health Canada, 1968, The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the Guideline Technical Documents.
Hess, C.T., Michel, J., Horton, T.R., and Coniglio, W.A., 1985, The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States, Health Physics, 48, 553-586.10.1097/00004032-198505000-00002
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Salonen, L. and Hukkanen, H., 1997, Advantages of low-background liquid scintillation alpha-spectrometry and pulse shape analysis in measuring radon, uranium, and radium-226 in groundwater samples, J. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 226(1-2), 67-74.10.1007/BF02063626
Semkow, T.M., Bari, A., Parekh, P.P., Haines, D.K., Gao, H., Bolden, A.N., Dahms, K.S., Scarpitta, S.C., Thern, R.E., and Velazquez, S., 2004, Experimental investigation of mass efficiency curve for alpha radioactivity counting using a gas-proportional detector, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 60, 879-886.10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.01.012
Troja, S. O. A. CRO and Picouet, P., 1995, Alpha and Beta Dose-Rate Determination Using a Gas Proportional Counter, Radiarion Measurements, 24(3), 297-308.10.1016/1350-4487(94)00110-M
US EPA, 2000, National Primary Drinking Water Regulation; Radionuclides; Final Rule.
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USGS, 1962, Data on uranium and radium in groundwater in the USA, Professional Paper No. 426.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 16
No :5
Pages :67 ~ 73
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2011.16.5.067

[1] 김문수, 유순주, 김동호, 윤정기, 노회정, 정혜성, 정동일, 정도환, 주병규, 임태숙, 박이훈, 홍상규, 2009, 지하수 중 자연방사성물질 함유실태 조사(III), p. 227.

[2] 김태승, 박종겸, 엄익춘, 윤정기, 정도환, 강기철, 윤대근, 권지철, 2007, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태 조사(I), 국립환경과학원, p. 155.

[3] 노회정, 김태승, 박종겸, 윤정기, 김문수, 정일록, 정도환, 주병규, 전상호, 심영은, 백용욱, 2008, 지하수 중 자연방사성물질 함유실태 조사(II), 국립환경과학원, p. 195.

[4] 성익환, 김대업, 우형주, 조병욱, 박중권, 이한영, 정강섭, 윤윤열, 조수영, 이용주, 이병대, 김통권, 김경수, 추창오, 신동천, 1999, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태에 관한 조사연구(I), 국립환경과학원, p. 338.

[5] 성익환, 조병욱, 김대업, 김건한, 박덕원, 박중권, 윤윤열, 이봉주, 이병대, 이종철, 임현철, 정강섭, 조수영, 홍영국, 장우석, 양재하, 신동천, 한인섭, 2002, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태에 관한 조사연구(IV), 국립환경과학원, p. 357.

[6] 조병욱, 김건한, 김연기, 성익환, 안주성, 윤욱, 윤윤열, 이길용, 이병대, 이홍진, 임현철, 조수영, 홍영국, 2006, 지하수 중 방사성물질 함유실태 조사, 국립환경과학원, p. 200.

[7] 한국지질자원연구원, 1:50,000 한국지질도.

[8] 한국지질자원연구원, 1:250,000 한국지질도.

[9] Arvela, H., Blomqvist, L., and Mustonen, R., 1979, In Situ External Environmental Gamma Ray measurements, In: Studies on Environmental Radioactivity in Finland 1976-1977, Report STL-A 26, Helsinki; Institute of Radiation Protection.

[10] Currie, L. A., 1968, Limits for Qualitative Detection and Quantitative Determination, Anal. Chem., 40, 586-593.10.1021/ac60259a007

[11] Health Canada, 1968, The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality and the Guideline Technical Documents.

[12] Hess, C.T., Michel, J., Horton, T.R., and Coniglio, W.A., 1985, The occurrence of radioactivity in public water supplies in the United States, Health Physics, 48, 553-586.10.1097/00004032-198505000-00002

[13] NHMRC, 2004, Australian drinking water guidelines 6, National Health and Medical Research Council.

[14] Salonen, L. and Hukkanen, H., 1997, Advantages of low-background liquid scintillation alpha-spectrometry and pulse shape analysis in measuring radon, uranium, and radium-226 in groundwater samples, J. Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 226(1-2), 67-74.10.1007/BF02063626

[15] Semkow, T.M., Bari, A., Parekh, P.P., Haines, D.K., Gao, H., Bolden, A.N., Dahms, K.S., Scarpitta, S.C., Thern, R.E., and Velazquez, S., 2004, Experimental investigation of mass efficiency curve for alpha radioactivity counting using a gas-proportional detector, Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 60, 879-886.10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.01.012

[16] Troja, S. O. A. CRO and Picouet, P., 1995, Alpha and Beta Dose-Rate Determination Using a Gas Proportional Counter, Radiarion Measurements, 24(3), 297-308.10.1016/1350-4487(94)00110-M

[17] US EPA, 2000, National Primary Drinking Water Regulation; Radionuclides; Final Rule.

[18] USEPA, 2002, Radionuclides in Drinking Water: A Small Entity Compliance Guide, 815-R-02-001, http//www.epa.gov/safewater.

[19] USEPA, 2007, Method 900.0 Gross Alpha and Gross Beta Radioactivity in Drinking Water.

[20] USEPA, 2009, National Primary Drinking Water Regulation MCL Booklet.

[21] USGS, 1962, Data on uranium and radium in groundwater in the USA, Professional Paper No. 426.

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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