Surfactant-enhanced Soil Washing using Tween and Tergitol Series Surfactants for Kuwait Soil Heavily Contaminated with Crude Oil

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.5.026

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2015 Vol.20, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Surfactant-enhanced Soil Washing using Tween and Tergitol Series Surfactants for Kuwait Soil Heavily Contaminated with Crude Oil: Heo, Hyojin;Lee, Minhee;

31 October 2015. pp. 26 ~ 33

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Abstract

Batch experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of a surfactant-enhanced soil washing process for soils heavily contaminated with crude oil in Kuwait. TPH concentration of the contaminated soil was 223,754 mg/kg, sampled from the bottom of a vaporized oil extraction pond in the Burgan reservoir field. Commercialized eight nonionic surfactants (Tween and Tergitol series) were used to measure the aqueous solubility for the crude oil. Among them, two Tergitol surfactants were used to evaluate the TPH removal efficiency of the surfactant-enhanced soil washing for heavily contaminated Kuwait soil. The solubility of the crude oil in surfactant solution was in the order Tergitol 15-S-7 > Tergitol 15-S-9 > Tergitol 15-S-12 > Tween-80 > Tween-20 > Tween-60, which showed that the crude oil solubilities of the Tergitol series were higher than those of the Tween series. The TPH removal efficiencies of 2% and 5% Tergitol 15-S-9 solution were 59% and 65%, respectively. Because the residual TPH concentration in the washed soil was still higher than the clean-up level (10,000 mg/kg), the soil washing process was repeated five times. After the fifth washing, the residual TPH concentration in the soil went down to 7,680 mg/kg and its removal efficiency was 97%.

Keywords

Crude oil;Soil washing;Surfactant;Tergitol;Tween;

References

Abdul, A.S. and Gibson, T.L., 1991, Laboratory studies of surfactant-enhanced washing of polychlorinated biphenyls from sandy material, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(4), 665-671.10.1021/es00016a009
Deshpande, S., Shiau, B.J., Wade, D., Sabatini, D.A., and Harwell, J.H., 1999, Surfactant selection for enhancing ex situ soil washing, Water Res., 33(2), 351-360.10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00234-6
Griffiths, R.A., 1995, Soil-washing technology and practice, J. Hazard. Mater., 40(2), 175-189.10.1016/0304-3894(94)00064-N
Heo, H., 2015, Application of the surfactant-enhanced soil washing to crude oil contaminated soils in Kuwait, Thesis of Ph. D, Pukyong National University.
Huguenot, D., Moisset, E., van Hullebusch, E.D., and Oturan, M.A., 2015, Combination of surfactant enhanced soil washing and electro-Fenton process for the treatment of soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, J. Environ. Manage., 153, 40-47.10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.037
Khalladi, R., Benhabiles, O., Bentahar, F., and Moulai-Mostefa, N., 2009, Surfactant remediation of diesel fuel polluted soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1179-1184.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.024
KME (Korean ministry of environment), 2011, Development of bioremediation technology to clean up of oil contaminated soil in Kuwait, Final Report/2010-13004-0004-0.
Kuyukina, M.S., Ivshina, I.B., Makarov, S.O., Litvinenko, L.V., Cunningham, C.J., and Philp, J.C., 2005, Effect of biosurfactants on crude oil desorption and mobilization in a soil system, Environ. Int., 31, 155-161.10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.009
Lee, M., 2001, Column and box experiments for surfactant enhanced remediation of organic pollutants (NAPL), J. Geol. Soc. Kor., 37, 45-56.
Lee, M., Kang, H.M., and Do, W.H., 2005, Application of nonionic surfactant-enhanced in situ flushing to a diesel contaminated site, Water Res., 39, 139-146.10.1016/j.watres.2004.09.012
Lima, A.T., Kleingeld, P.J., Heister, K., and Loch, J.P.G., 2011, Removal of PAHs from contaminated clayey soil by means of electro-osmosis, Sep. Pur. Technol., 79, 221-229.10.1016/j.seppur.2011.02.021
Mittal, K.L., 1979, Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, USA, 961 p.
Mulligan, C.N., Yong, R.N., and Gibbs, B.F., 2001, Surfactant-enhanced remediation of contaminated soil: a review, Eng. Geol., 60, 371-380.10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00117-4
Paria, S., 2008, Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water, Adv. Coll. Int. Sci., 138, 24-58.10.1016/j.cis.2007.11.001
Park, S.W., Lee, J.Y., Yang, J.S., Kim, K.J., and Baek, K., 2009, Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil with waste-lubricant oils and zinc, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 1168-1172.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.039
Rosen, M.J. and Kunjappu, J.T., 2012, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons, USA.
Saenger, P., 1994, Cleaning up the Arabian Gulf: Aftermath of an Oil Spill, School of Environment, Science and Engineering Papers, Southern Cross University, USA.
Simmons, M.R., 2002, The World’s Giant Oilfields, M. King Hubbert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies, Simmons and Company International, Final Report, 62 p.
Tsomides, H.J., Hughes, J.B., Thomas, J.M., and Ward, C.H., 1995, Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments, Environ. Toxic. Chem., 14(6), 953-959.10.1002/etc.5620140605
Um, J., Lee, G., Song, S., Hong, S., and Lee, M., 2013, Pilot scale feasibility test of In-situ soil flushing by using ‘Tween 80’ solution at low concentration for the xylene contaminated site, J. Soil. Groundw. Environ., 18(6), 38-47.10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.6.038
Urum, K., Grigson, S., Pekdemir, T., and McMenamy, S., 2006, A comparison of the efficiency of different surfactants for removal of crude oil from contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 62, 1403-1410.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.016
Urum, K., Pekdemir, T., and Çopur, M., 2004, Surfactants treatment of crude oil contaminated soils. J. Coll. Int. Sci., 276, 456-464.10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.057
Volkering, F., Breure, A. M., and Rulkens, W. H., 1998, Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation. Biodegradat., 8, 401-417.
West, C.C. and Harwell, J.H., 1992, Surfactants and subsurface remediation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 2324-2340.10.1021/es00036a002
Yang, J.W., Yang, J.S., Lee, Y.J., Kim, S.H., and Shin, H.J., 2008, Effect of surfactant types on washing of diesel-contaminated soil, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 13(3), 8-14.
Yeom, I.T., Ghosh, M.M., Cox, C.D., and Robinson, K.G., 1995, Micellar solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar-contaminated soils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 3015-3021.10.1021/es00012a019

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 20
No :5
Pages :26 ~ 33
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2015.20.5.026

[1] Abdul, A.S. and Gibson, T.L., 1991, Laboratory studies of surfactant-enhanced washing of polychlorinated biphenyls from sandy material, Environ. Sci. Technol., 25(4), 665-671.10.1021/es00016a009

[2] Deshpande, S., Shiau, B.J., Wade, D., Sabatini, D.A., and Harwell, J.H., 1999, Surfactant selection for enhancing ex situ soil washing, Water Res., 33(2), 351-360.10.1016/S0043-1354(98)00234-6

[3] Griffiths, R.A., 1995, Soil-washing technology and practice, J. Hazard. Mater., 40(2), 175-189.10.1016/0304-3894(94)00064-N

[4] Heo, H., 2015, Application of the surfactant-enhanced soil washing to crude oil contaminated soils in Kuwait, Thesis of Ph. D, Pukyong National University.

[5] Huguenot, D., Moisset, E., van Hullebusch, E.D., and Oturan, M.A., 2015, Combination of surfactant enhanced soil washing and electro-Fenton process for the treatment of soils contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons, J. Environ. Manage., 153, 40-47.10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.037

[6] Khalladi, R., Benhabiles, O., Bentahar, F., and Moulai-Mostefa, N., 2009, Surfactant remediation of diesel fuel polluted soil, J. Hazard. Mater., 164, 1179-1184.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.024

[7] KME (Korean ministry of environment), 2011, Development of bioremediation technology to clean up of oil contaminated soil in Kuwait, Final Report/2010-13004-0004-0.

[8] Kuyukina, M.S., Ivshina, I.B., Makarov, S.O., Litvinenko, L.V., Cunningham, C.J., and Philp, J.C., 2005, Effect of biosurfactants on crude oil desorption and mobilization in a soil system, Environ. Int., 31, 155-161.10.1016/j.envint.2004.09.009

[9] Lee, M., 2001, Column and box experiments for surfactant enhanced remediation of organic pollutants (NAPL), J. Geol. Soc. Kor., 37, 45-56.

[10] Lee, M., Kang, H.M., and Do, W.H., 2005, Application of nonionic surfactant-enhanced in situ flushing to a diesel contaminated site, Water Res., 39, 139-146.10.1016/j.watres.2004.09.012

[11] Lima, A.T., Kleingeld, P.J., Heister, K., and Loch, J.P.G., 2011, Removal of PAHs from contaminated clayey soil by means of electro-osmosis, Sep. Pur. Technol., 79, 221-229.10.1016/j.seppur.2011.02.021

[12] Mittal, K.L., 1979, Solution Chemistry of Surfactants, Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, USA, 961 p.

[13] Mulligan, C.N., Yong, R.N., and Gibbs, B.F., 2001, Surfactant-enhanced remediation of contaminated soil: a review, Eng. Geol., 60, 371-380.10.1016/S0013-7952(00)00117-4

[14] Paria, S., 2008, Surfactant-enhanced remediation of organic contaminated soil and water, Adv. Coll. Int. Sci., 138, 24-58.10.1016/j.cis.2007.11.001

[15] Park, S.W., Lee, J.Y., Yang, J.S., Kim, K.J., and Baek, K., 2009, Electrokinetic remediation of contaminated soil with waste-lubricant oils and zinc, J. Hazard. Mater., 169, 1168-1172.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.04.039

[16] Rosen, M.J. and Kunjappu, J.T., 2012, Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, John Wiley & Sons, USA.

[17] Saenger, P., 1994, Cleaning up the Arabian Gulf: Aftermath of an Oil Spill, School of Environment, Science and Engineering Papers, Southern Cross University, USA.

[18] Simmons, M.R., 2002, The World’s Giant Oilfields, M. King Hubbert Center for Petroleum Supply Studies, Simmons and Company International, Final Report, 62 p.

[19] Tsomides, H.J., Hughes, J.B., Thomas, J.M., and Ward, C.H., 1995, Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments, Environ. Toxic. Chem., 14(6), 953-959.10.1002/etc.5620140605

[20] Um, J., Lee, G., Song, S., Hong, S., and Lee, M., 2013, Pilot scale feasibility test of In-situ soil flushing by using ‘Tween 80’ solution at low concentration for the xylene contaminated site, J. Soil. Groundw. Environ., 18(6), 38-47.10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.6.038

[21] Urum, K., Grigson, S., Pekdemir, T., and McMenamy, S., 2006, A comparison of the efficiency of different surfactants for removal of crude oil from contaminated soils. Chemosphere, 62, 1403-1410.10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.05.016

[22] Urum, K., Pekdemir, T., and Çopur, M., 2004, Surfactants treatment of crude oil contaminated soils. J. Coll. Int. Sci., 276, 456-464.10.1016/j.jcis.2004.03.057

[23] Volkering, F., Breure, A. M., and Rulkens, W. H., 1998, Microbiological aspects of surfactant use for biological soil remediation. Biodegradat., 8, 401-417.

[24] West, C.C. and Harwell, J.H., 1992, Surfactants and subsurface remediation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 2324-2340.10.1021/es00036a002

[25] Yang, J.W., Yang, J.S., Lee, Y.J., Kim, S.H., and Shin, H.J., 2008, Effect of surfactant types on washing of diesel-contaminated soil, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 13(3), 8-14.

[26] Yeom, I.T., Ghosh, M.M., Cox, C.D., and Robinson, K.G., 1995, Micellar solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar-contaminated soils, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 3015-3021.10.1021/es00012a019

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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