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2025 Vol.30, Issue 6 Preview Page
Characterizing Baseflow Responses to Consecutive Events Using End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA)

EMMA 기법을 이용한 연속 강우 시 기저유출의 변동 이해

Cho SungHyen1*
,
Kim Tae Seung1
,
Shin Woo Jin2
,
Lee Ghwang-Sik2
조성현 1*
,
김태승 1
,
신우진 2
,
이광식 2
1National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management (NICEM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
2Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28119, Korea
1서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원, 한국기초과학지원연구원
2서울대학교 농생명과학공동기기원, 한국기초과학지원연구원
*Corresponding Author
31 December 2025. pp. 131-138
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Abstract

This study investigated the temporal evolution of baseflow and other runoff components during two consecutive rainfall events occurring at a two-day interval. End-Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA) was employed to assess the impact of antecedent rainfall on the subsequent event, alongside the characterization of hydrograph components. Environmental tracers, specifically stable isotopes (δ¹⁸O and δD) and dissolved silica (Si), were utilized to trace water origins and subsurface processes. Due to measurement limitations, the maximum silica concentration in the soil water component was estimated via a mass balance-based trial-and-error approach, which warrants further empirical validation. Hydrograph separation was performed using both 3-component (Event 1, Event 2, and baseflow) and 4-component (incorporating soil water) mixing models. The 4-component model provided a more physically plausible interpretation of baseflow dynamics; while the 3-component model attributed over 50% of the discharge to baseflow, the 4-component model revealed soil water as the dominant contributor. Furthermore, the results suggest that Event 1, which was 4.5 times larger than the subsequent event, had a persistent impact on streamflow during and beyond the second rainfall. This study confirms that streamflow is more significantly influenced by pre-event water (baseflow and soil water) than by direct event. The higher contribution of soil water relative to baseflow is attributed to the distinct hydraulic differences between fast-flow (soil water) and slow-flow (baseflow) regimes.

Keywords
Baseflow
Environmental Tracer
End-Member Mixing Analysis
Mass balance
slow-flow
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Information
  • Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
  • Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
  • Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
  • Volume : 30
  • No :6
  • Pages :131-138
  • Received Date : 2025-12-11
  • Revised Date : 2025-12-24
  • Accepted Date : 2025-12-31
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2025.30.6.131
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