Study on Soil Extraction Methods for the Human Health Risk Assessment of Crop Intake Pathway around Abandoned Metal Mine Areas

doi:10.7857/JSGE.2016.21.6.056

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2016 Vol.21, Issue 6 Preview Page Next Page

Study on Soil Extraction Methods for the Human Health Risk Assessment of Crop Intake Pathway around Abandoned Metal Mine Areas 폐금속광산 지역 농작물섭취경로의 인체위해도 산정을 위한 생물농축계수와 토양분석방법에 관한 연구: 임태용;이상우;윤성택;김순오;
Lim, Tae-Yong;Lee, Sang-Woo;Yun, Seong-Taek;Kim, Soon-Oh;

31 December 2016. pp. 56 ~ 66

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Abstract

Generally, the contribution of crop-intake pathway (CIP) is remarkable in human health assessment (HHA) of heavy metal contamination. Although the crop exposure concentrations (Cp) should directly be used for calculating the average daily dose (ADD) of CIP, the soil exposure concentration (Cs) multiplied by soil-crop bio-concentration factor (BCF) has frequently been used instead of using Cp values. Thus, the BCF values are significant in the HHA, and care should be taken to ensure the reasonable acquisition of BCF values. Meanwhile, the BCF values are known to be significantly affected by analytical methods. Nevertheless, they have been calculated from the concentrations of soil and crop analyzed by only one method: total digestion (aqua regia extraction). For this reason, this study was initiated to seek appropriate soil analysis methods for effective computation of the ADD of CIP. The concentrations of 5 metal contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in 127 soil samples obtained from 4 abandoned metal mine areas were analyzed by several methods including total digestion and partial digestions using 0.1/1 N HCl, 1M $NH_4NO_3$, 0.1 M $NaNO_3$, and 0.01M $CaCl_2$. The heavy metal concentrations in 127 crop samples (rice grains) were analyzed by total digestion as well. Using the concentrations of soils and crops, the BCF values of each contaminant were calculated according to the kind of soil extraction methods applied. Finally, the errors between Cp and $C_s{\times}BCF$ were computed to evaluate the relevance of each method. The results indicate that the partial extraction using 0.1 N and 1 N HCl was superior or equivalent to total digestion. In addition, the 0.1M $NaNO_3$ method combined with total digestion is recommended for improving the reliability of BCF values.

Keywords

Heavy metal contamination;Human health risk assessment;Crop intake pathway;Bio-concentration factor (BCF);Soil analytical method;

References

Bo, V.S., 1986, Verordnung uber Schadstoffgehalt im Boden, Swiss Ordinance on Pollutants in Soils Nr.814.12, Publ. Eidg. Drucksachen und Materialzentrale [EDMZ], 3000 Bern, Switzerland, p. 1.
Chen, B., Shan, X.Q., and Qian, J., 1996, Bioavailability index for quantitative evaluation of plant availability of extractable soil trace elements, Plant Soil, 186, 275-283.10.1007/BF02415523
Choi, J.W., Yoo, K.J., Koo, M.S., and Park, J.H., 2012, Comparison of heavy metal pollutant exposure and risk assessments in an abandoned mine site, KSCE J. Civil Eng., 32(4B), 261-266.
DIN (Deutsches Institut fr Normung), 1995, Soil Quality Extraction of Trace Elements with Ammonium Nitrate Solution. DIN 19730, Deutsches Institut fr Normung, Beuth Verlag, Berlin.
EA, 2002, The contaminated land exposure assessment model (CLEA) : Technical basis and algorithms, Environmental Agency, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Houba, V.J.G., Novozamsky, I., Lexmond, T.M., and van der Lee, J.J., 1990, Applicability of 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ as a single extraction solution for the assessment of the nutrient status of soils and other diagnostic purposes, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 21, 2281-2290.10.1080/00103629009368380
Houba, V.J.G., Lexmond, T.M., Novozamsky, I., and van der Lee, J.J., 1996, State of the art and future developments in soil analysis for bioavailability assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 178, 21-28.10.1016/0048-9697(95)04793-X
Hwang, E.H., Wee, S.M., Lee, P.K., and Choi, S.H., 2000, A study on the heavy metal contamination of paddy soil in the vicinity of the seosung Pb-Zn mine, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 5(2), 67-85.
Hwang, W.J., Cha, J.M., Kim, S.O., and Lee, S.W., 2014, A Study on the Risk Assessment and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) for Heavy Metals in Soil, J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 51(6), 876-884.
Jung, M.C. and Jung, M.Y., 2006, Evaluation and management method of environmental contamination from abandoned metal mines in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 43(5), 383-394.
Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kang, D.W., Kim, M.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, D.H., Lee, Y.J., and Kim, W.I., 2012, Transfer factor of heavy metals from agricultural soil to agricultural products, Korean J Environ Agric, 31(4), 300-30710.5338/KJEA.2012.31.4.300
Kulhanek, A., Trapp, S., Sismilich, M., Janku, J., and Zimova, M., 2005, Crop-specific human exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Czech soils, Sci. Total Environ., 339, 71-80.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.003
Kwon, J.C., Jung, M.C., and Kang, M.H., 2013, Contents and seasonal variations of arsenic in paddy soils and rice crops around the abandoned metal mines, Econ. Environ. Geol., 64, 329-338.
Kwon, J.C., Park, H.J., and Jung, M.C., 2015, Correlation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils and Rice Crops around the Munmyung Au-Ag Mines, Econ. Environ. Geol., 48(4), 337-349.10.9719/EEG.2015.48.4.337
Lee, C.G., Chon, H.T., and Jung, M.C., 2000, Arsenic and heavy metal contamination and their seasonal variation in the paddy field around the Daduk Au-Pb-Zn mine in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Geosystem Eng., 37(1), 53-66.
Lee, J.S., Kwon, H.H., Shim, Y.S., and Kim, T.H., 2007, Risk assessment of heavy metals in the vicinity of the abandoned metal mine areas, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 12(1), 97-102.
Lee, J.S., Kim, Y.N., and Kim, K.H., 2010, Suitability assessment for agriculture of soils adjacent to abandoned mining areas using different human risk assessment models, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 43(5), 674-683.
ME, 2006, Guidelines of Risk Assessment for Soil Contaminant, Ministry of Environment, Sejong, Korea.
Pueyo, M., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., and Rauret, G., 2004, Assessment of $CaCl_2$, $NaNO_3$ and $NH_4NO_3$ extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils, Anal. Chim. Act, 504, 217-226.10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.047
RIVM, 2001, Evaluation and revision of the CSOIL parameter set, 711701 021, Research for Man and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
US EPA, 1996, Soil screening guidance : Technical background document, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.
US EPA, 2002, Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund site, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.

Information

Publisher :The Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Publisher(Ko) :한국지하수토양환경학회
Journal Title :Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
Journal Title(Ko) :지하수토양환경
Volume : 21
No :6
Pages :56 ~ 66
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2016.21.6.056

[1] Bo, V.S., 1986, Verordnung uber Schadstoffgehalt im Boden, Swiss Ordinance on Pollutants in Soils Nr.814.12, Publ. Eidg. Drucksachen und Materialzentrale [EDMZ], 3000 Bern, Switzerland, p. 1.

[2] Chen, B., Shan, X.Q., and Qian, J., 1996, Bioavailability index for quantitative evaluation of plant availability of extractable soil trace elements, Plant Soil, 186, 275-283.10.1007/BF02415523

[3] Choi, J.W., Yoo, K.J., Koo, M.S., and Park, J.H., 2012, Comparison of heavy metal pollutant exposure and risk assessments in an abandoned mine site, KSCE J. Civil Eng., 32(4B), 261-266.

[4] DIN (Deutsches Institut fr Normung), 1995, Soil Quality Extraction of Trace Elements with Ammonium Nitrate Solution. DIN 19730, Deutsches Institut fr Normung, Beuth Verlag, Berlin.

[5] EA, 2002, The contaminated land exposure assessment model (CLEA) : Technical basis and algorithms, Environmental Agency, Bristol, United Kingdom.

[6] Houba, V.J.G., Novozamsky, I., Lexmond, T.M., and van der Lee, J.J., 1990, Applicability of 0.01 M $CaCl_2$ as a single extraction solution for the assessment of the nutrient status of soils and other diagnostic purposes, Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 21, 2281-2290.10.1080/00103629009368380

[7] Houba, V.J.G., Lexmond, T.M., Novozamsky, I., and van der Lee, J.J., 1996, State of the art and future developments in soil analysis for bioavailability assessment, Sci. Total Environ., 178, 21-28.10.1016/0048-9697(95)04793-X

[8] Hwang, E.H., Wee, S.M., Lee, P.K., and Choi, S.H., 2000, A study on the heavy metal contamination of paddy soil in the vicinity of the seosung Pb-Zn mine, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 5(2), 67-85.

[9] Hwang, W.J., Cha, J.M., Kim, S.O., and Lee, S.W., 2014, A Study on the Risk Assessment and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) for Heavy Metals in Soil, J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 51(6), 876-884.

[10] Jung, M.C. and Jung, M.Y., 2006, Evaluation and management method of environmental contamination from abandoned metal mines in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Miner. Energy Resour. Eng., 43(5), 383-394.

[11] Kim, J.Y., Lee, J.H., Kunhikrishnan, A., Kang, D.W., Kim, M.J., Yoo, J.H., Kim, D.H., Lee, Y.J., and Kim, W.I., 2012, Transfer factor of heavy metals from agricultural soil to agricultural products, Korean J Environ Agric, 31(4), 300-30710.5338/KJEA.2012.31.4.300

[12] Kulhanek, A., Trapp, S., Sismilich, M., Janku, J., and Zimova, M., 2005, Crop-specific human exposure assessment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Czech soils, Sci. Total Environ., 339, 71-80.10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.003

[13] Kwon, J.C., Jung, M.C., and Kang, M.H., 2013, Contents and seasonal variations of arsenic in paddy soils and rice crops around the abandoned metal mines, Econ. Environ. Geol., 64, 329-338.

[14] Kwon, J.C., Park, H.J., and Jung, M.C., 2015, Correlation of Arsenic and Heavy Metals in Paddy Soils and Rice Crops around the Munmyung Au-Ag Mines, Econ. Environ. Geol., 48(4), 337-349.10.9719/EEG.2015.48.4.337

[15] Lee, C.G., Chon, H.T., and Jung, M.C., 2000, Arsenic and heavy metal contamination and their seasonal variation in the paddy field around the Daduk Au-Pb-Zn mine in Korea, J. Korean Soc. Geosystem Eng., 37(1), 53-66.

[16] Lee, J.S., Kwon, H.H., Shim, Y.S., and Kim, T.H., 2007, Risk assessment of heavy metals in the vicinity of the abandoned metal mine areas, J. Soil Groundw. Environ., 12(1), 97-102.

[17] Lee, J.S., Kim, Y.N., and Kim, K.H., 2010, Suitability assessment for agriculture of soils adjacent to abandoned mining areas using different human risk assessment models, Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert., 43(5), 674-683.

[18] ME, 2006, Guidelines of Risk Assessment for Soil Contaminant, Ministry of Environment, Sejong, Korea.

[19] Pueyo, M., Lopez-Sanchez, J.F., and Rauret, G., 2004, Assessment of $CaCl_2$, $NaNO_3$ and $NH_4NO_3$ extraction procedures for the study of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn extractability in contaminated soils, Anal. Chim. Act, 504, 217-226.10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.047

[20] RIVM, 2001, Evaluation and revision of the CSOIL parameter set, 711701 021, Research for Man and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.

[21] US EPA, 1996, Soil screening guidance : Technical background document, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.

[22] US EPA, 2002, Supplemental guidance for developing soil screening levels for superfund site, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, USA.

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment ISSN:1598-6438(Print) 2287-8831(Online) 지하수토양환경

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